Dakin teli adalah

• TENTANG • PT DAIKIN AIR CONDITIONING INDONESIA • VIRTUAL DAIKIN DISCOVERY HALL • DISCOVERY • TENTANG CSR • SEJARAH • PENGHARGAAN & SERTIFIKAT • MENJADI DEALER DAIKIN • DAIKIN GROUP • PERFECTING THE AIR • DAIKIN STREAMER TECHNOLOGY • PRODUK • AC PERUMAHAN • SINGLE SPLIT • MULTI SPLIT • AIR PURIFIER • AC PERUMAHAN PREMIUM • VRV HOME SERIES • MULTI NX R32 • AC KOMERSIAL • SKY AIR • VRV • CONTROL SYSTEM • AC INDUSTRI • PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONER • E-CATALOGUE • Air Purifiers E-Catalogue • Air Treatment E-Catalogue • Controller & Accessories E-Catalogue • Multi Split E-Catalogue • Packaged E-Catalogue • Single Split Room Air E-Catalogue • Sky Air E-Catalogue • VRV E-Catalogue • Semua E-Catalogue • VIRTUAL TOUR • PRO-SHOP • TENTANG PRO-SHOP • MENGAPA AC HOME CENTRAL • VIRTUAL TOUR AC HOME CENTRAL • DAIKIN DESIGNER AWARD • DAFTAR • PURNA JUAL • PUSAT KONTAK • PERMINTAAN SERVICE • MAINTENANCE • SPAREPARTS • CARA MENJADI SERVICE PARTNER • DATA TEKNIS • FAQ • AKSESORIS AC • REFRIGERANT • PIPA AC (ASTM) • PIPA AC (JIS) • INSULASI PIPA (BSI) • SMART CONNECTION • DAIKIN RECOMMEND TOOLS "TASCO JAPAN" • PELATIHAN • PUSAT PELATIHAN • KURIKULUM PELATIHAN • SISTEM PELATIHAN ONLINE • KARIR • FAKTA & PENGETAHUAN • HUBUNGI • TENTANG • PT DAIKIN AIR CONDITIONING INDONESIA • VIRTUAL DAIKIN DISCOVERY HALL • DISCOVERY • TENTANG CSR • SEJARAH • PENGHARGAAN & SERTIFIKAT • MENJADI DEALER DAIKIN • DAIKIN GROUP • PERFECTING THE AIR • DAIKIN STREAMER TECHNOLOGY • PRODUK • AC PERUMAHAN • SINGLE SPLIT • MULTI SPLIT • AIR PURIFIER • AC PERUMAHAN PREMIUM • VRV HOME SERIES • MULTI NX R32 • AC KOMERSIAL • SKY AIR • VRV • CONTROL SYSTEM • AC INDUSTRI • PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONER • E-CATALOGUE • Air Purifiers E-Catalogue • Air Treatment E-Catalogue • Controller & Accessories E-Catalogue • Multi Split E-Catalogue • Packaged E-Catalogue • Single Split Room Air E-Catalogue • Sky Air E-Catalogue • VRV E-Catalogue • Semua E-Catalogue • VIRTUAL TOUR • PRO-SHOP • TENTANG PRO-SHOP • MENGAPA AC HOME CENTRAL • VIRTUAL TOUR AC HOME CENTRAL dakin teli adalah DAIKIN DESIGNER AWARD • DAFTAR • PURNA JUAL • PUSAT KONTAK • PERMINTAAN SERVICE • MAINTENANCE • SPAREPARTS • CARA MENJADI SERVICE PARTNER • DATA TEKNIS • FAQ • AKSESORIS AC • REFRIGERANT • PIPA AC (ASTM) • PIPA AC (JIS) • INSULASI PIPA (BSI) • SMART CONNECTION • DAIKIN RECOMMEND TOOLS "TASCO JAPAN" • PELATIHAN • PUSAT PELATIHAN • KURIKULUM PELATIHAN • SISTEM PELATIHAN ONLINE • KARIR • FAKTA & PENGETAHUAN • HUBUNGI Kami percaya bahwa selalu ada ruang untuk perbaikan.

Dan kepercayaan ini adalah kekuatan pendorong di belakang semua yang kami lakukan di Daikin. Dari perbaikan kecil dalam proses produksi, hingga terobosan besar yang menghasilkan penghematan energi 70%, kami bertujuan untuk menginspirasi perubahan teknologi. Dengan Pusat Pengembangan Eropa kami sendiri, dan fokus pada produk hemat energi, kami menciptakan solusi iklim di Eropa untuk Eropa. Dapatkan hadiah langsung ratusan ribu rupiah e-voucher dan kesempatan meraih ratusan hadiah menarik hingga mobil mewah.

Beli AC Daikin inverter sepanjang periode 15 April - 15 Juli 2022 dan daftarkan diri Anda untuk klaim hadiahnya. Ada juga program khusus bagi tenaga instalasi - teknisi AC. Jangan sampai ketinggalan kesempatan besar ini! DAIKIN INVERTERIA. Makin Hemat, Makin Meriah Hadiahnya! BATAM, 16 Desember 2021 – Jelang akhir tahun, PT Daikin Airconditioning Indonesia justru semakin ekspansif dalam menjalankan bisnisnya di Indonesia. Hal ini tampak dari peresmian kantor cabang terbaru perusahaan solusi tata udara berbasis di Jepang tersebut di Batam.

Menempati bangunan empat lantai di Ruko Palm Spring Blok A4 No 12.A JL Raya Haji Fisabilillah Taman Baloi, Batam, kantor perwakilan ini akan meliputi dukungan layanan operasional, ruang pamer hingga pusat pelatihan Daikin untuk dakin teli adalah Batam dan sekitarnya.

“Pembukaan ini dakin teli adalah bagian dari upaya besar kami untuk semakin cepat dan tepat dalam memberikan layanan kepada pengguna maupun masyarakat Batam dan sekitarnya,” ujar Ching Khim Huat, Presiden Direktur PT Daikin Air Conditioning Indonesia.

Lebih lanjut ia menyatakan, dengan pembukaan ini, Daikin tercatat telah memiliki 13 perwakilan resmi yang tersebar di berbagai kota di seluruh Indonesia. Sebagai kantor perwakilan resmi, menurutnya lagi, kantor Daikin di Batam tak hanya fokus melayani kebutuhan untuk hunian, namun dakin teli adalah untuk kebutuhan bangunan komersial. Hal ini tak lepas dari kelengkapan lini produk Daikin yang juga memiliki deret lengkap untuk pengaplikasian bagi berbagai kebutuhan industri.

Terlebih bagi wilayah Batam yang sebagian besar merupakan kawasan industri, Daikin dikatakan memiliki berbagai pilihan solusi tata udara terbaik seperti Daikin Packaged dan VRV. Berbagai solusi tata udara ini, termasuk pula AC untuk kebutuhan rumah, akan ditampilkan langsung pada Daikin Xperience Zone yang menjadi ruang pamer Daikin dalam kantor cabangnya ini.

Selain dapat langsung melihat berbagai produk Daikin, pengunjung pun akan ditemani konsultan produk Daikin yang akan memberikan rekomendasi terbaik untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Sementara terkait ketersediaan produk, keberadaan kantor cabang Daikin terbaru ini pun akan menjamin pasokan yang lebih baik bagi masyarakat dan sekitarnya. Pasalnya, untuk mendukung kantor cabang ini, Daikin pun melengkapinya dengan gudang bagi pasokan produk, spare part hingga material pendukung lainnya.

Tak hanya itu, layanan purna jual pun menjadi perhatian Daikin dalam kantor cabangnya di Batam. Bahkan, untuk menjaga pelayanan terbaik, Daikin Batam juga dibuat lengkap dengan pusat pelatihan dengan kapasitas hingga 25 orang. Yang membuatnya lebih istimewa, dakin teli adalah centre Daikin ini telah memiliki fasilitas yang lengkap sesuai dengan standar Daikin sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai tempat pelatihan maupun sebagai tempat uji kompetensi.

“Mengimbangi keberadaan Daikin untuk terus memberikan solusi tata udara melalui inovasi produk terbaik, keberadaan kantor cabang ini kami harap dapat semakin meningkatkan pula layanan kami terhadap masyarakat,” ujar Ching Khim Huat.

Lebih lanjut ia mengundang masyarakat Batam dan sekitarnya, yang memiliki kebutuhan penyejuk ruangan untuk kebutuhan rumah maupun bangunan komersial, dapat mengunjungi kantor cabang Daikin di Batam.

• Tebar Hikmah Ramadan • Life Hack • Ekonomi • Ekonomi • Bisnis • Finansial • Fiksiana • Fiksiana • Cerpen • Novel • Puisi • Gaya Hidup • Gaya Hidup • Fesyen • Hobi • Karir • Kesehatan • Hiburan • Hiburan • Film • Humor • Media • Musik • Humaniora • Humaniora • Bahasa • Edukasi • Filsafat • Sosbud • Kotak Suara • Analisis • Kandidat • Lyfe • Lyfe • Diary • Entrepreneur • Foodie • Love • Viral • Worklife • Olahraga • Olahraga • Atletik • Balap • Bola • Bulutangkis • E-Sport • Politik • Politik • Birokrasi • Hukum • Dakin teli adalah • Pemerintahan • Ruang Kelas • Ruang Kelas • Ilmu Alam & Teknologi • Ilmu Sosbud & Agama • Teknologi • Teknologi • Digital • Lingkungan • Otomotif • Transportasi • Video • Wisata • Wisata • Kuliner • Travel • Pulih Bersama • Pulih Bersama • Indonesia Hi-Tech • Indonesia Lestari • Indonesia Sehat • New World • New World • Cryptocurrency • Metaverse • NFT • Halo Lokal • Halo Lokal • Bandung • Joglosemar • Makassar • Medan • Palembang • Surabaya • SEMUA RUBRIK • TERPOPULER • TERBARU • PILIHAN EDITOR • TOPIK PILIHAN • K-REWARDS • KLASMITING NEW • EVENT Untuk kawasan daerah Jawa (Jawa Timur khususnya) kata jancok, damput, asu, dan ngateli tidaklah asing di telinga mereka.

Kata-kata ini sangat ngetren untuk anak usia muda di seluruh Jawa Timur (surabaya khususnya), karena seolah kata ini sebagai bahasa gaul sesama mereka  yang tidak menyinggung satu sama lain. "hoi yok opo kabare cok?" "wapik ae su, kon ratau ketok tak kiro wes modar, cuk" Walau terdengar sangat akrab, tetapi hanya untuk kalangan mereka sendiri, untuk orang tua atau orang lain masih terdengar tidak enak karena arti sebenarnya adalah perkataan kotor.

Jancok atau Jancuk Awal mula kata ini sebenarnya diencuk yang artinya ditusuk dalam bersetubuh, dari kata "encuk". Kemudian seiringnya waktu berubah menurut lidah yang dirasa pas oleh pengguna. Diancok, diancuk, djancok, jancuk, dancok, dancuk. Damput Kata ini maknanya tidak jauh beda dari kata dakin teli adalah. Damput berasal dai kata diamput yang artinya diapit dalam hal persetubuhan.

Dari kata diamput kemudian berubah menjadi damput. Asu, Jaran, Wedus, Jangkri Sepertinya kata ini tidak perlu dibahas karena semua sudah tahu kata ini adalah penyebutan hewan yang tentu hewan kelasnya lebih hina dari pada manusia karena setiap manusia tidak akan mau disamakan dengan hewan.
• TENTANG • PT DAIKIN AIR CONDITIONING INDONESIA • VIRTUAL DAIKIN DISCOVERY HALL • DISCOVERY • TENTANG CSR • SEJARAH • PENGHARGAAN & SERTIFIKAT • MENJADI DEALER DAIKIN • DAIKIN GROUP • PERFECTING THE AIR • DAIKIN STREAMER TECHNOLOGY • PRODUK • AC PERUMAHAN • SINGLE SPLIT • MULTI SPLIT • AIR PURIFIER • AC PERUMAHAN PREMIUM • VRV HOME SERIES • MULTI NX R32 • AC KOMERSIAL • SKY AIR • VRV • CONTROL SYSTEM • AC INDUSTRI • PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONER • E-CATALOGUE • Air Purifiers E-Catalogue • Air Treatment E-Catalogue • Controller & Accessories E-Catalogue • Multi Split E-Catalogue • Packaged E-Catalogue • Single Split Room Air E-Catalogue • Sky Air E-Catalogue • VRV E-Catalogue • Semua E-Catalogue • VIRTUAL TOUR • PRO-SHOP • TENTANG PRO-SHOP • MENGAPA AC HOME CENTRAL • VIRTUAL TOUR AC HOME CENTRAL • DAIKIN DESIGNER AWARD • DAFTAR • PURNA JUAL • PUSAT KONTAK • PERMINTAAN SERVICE • MAINTENANCE • SPAREPARTS • CARA MENJADI SERVICE PARTNER • DATA TEKNIS • FAQ • AKSESORIS AC • REFRIGERANT • PIPA AC (ASTM) • PIPA AC (JIS) • INSULASI PIPA (BSI) • SMART CONNECTION • DAIKIN RECOMMEND TOOLS "TASCO JAPAN" • PELATIHAN • PUSAT PELATIHAN • KURIKULUM PELATIHAN • SISTEM PELATIHAN ONLINE • KARIR • FAKTA & PENGETAHUAN • HUBUNGI • TENTANG • PT DAIKIN AIR CONDITIONING INDONESIA • VIRTUAL DAIKIN DISCOVERY HALL • DISCOVERY • TENTANG CSR • SEJARAH • PENGHARGAAN & SERTIFIKAT • MENJADI DEALER DAIKIN • DAIKIN GROUP • PERFECTING THE AIR • DAIKIN STREAMER TECHNOLOGY • PRODUK • AC PERUMAHAN • SINGLE SPLIT • MULTI SPLIT • AIR PURIFIER • AC PERUMAHAN PREMIUM • VRV HOME SERIES • MULTI NX R32 • AC KOMERSIAL • SKY AIR • VRV • CONTROL SYSTEM • AC INDUSTRI • PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONER • E-CATALOGUE • Air Purifiers E-Catalogue • Air Treatment E-Catalogue • Controller & Accessories E-Catalogue • Multi Split E-Catalogue • Packaged E-Catalogue • Single Split Room Air E-Catalogue • Sky Air E-Catalogue • VRV E-Catalogue • Semua E-Catalogue • VIRTUAL TOUR • PRO-SHOP • TENTANG PRO-SHOP • MENGAPA AC HOME CENTRAL • VIRTUAL TOUR AC HOME CENTRAL • DAIKIN DESIGNER AWARD • DAFTAR • PURNA JUAL • PUSAT KONTAK • PERMINTAAN SERVICE • MAINTENANCE • SPAREPARTS • CARA MENJADI SERVICE PARTNER • DATA TEKNIS • FAQ • AKSESORIS AC • REFRIGERANT • PIPA AC (ASTM) • PIPA AC (JIS) • INSULASI PIPA (BSI) • SMART CONNECTION • DAIKIN RECOMMEND TOOLS "TASCO JAPAN" • PELATIHAN • PUSAT PELATIHAN • KURIKULUM PELATIHAN • SISTEM PELATIHAN ONLINE • KARIR • FAKTA & PENGETAHUAN • HUBUNGI Apa itu COP?

COP (Coefficient of Peformance/Koefisien Kinerja) pada AC mengindikasi seberapa efisien unit itu memakai energi. COP yang lebih tinggi berarti efisiensi energi yang lebih besar. Ini juga berarti konsumsi daya yang lebih rendah, dan tentu saja tagihan listrik juga lebih rendah.  Efisien atau tidaknya sebuah AC ruangan diukur dengan Energy Dakin teli adalah Ratio atau yang biasa disingkat dengan istilah EER.  Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) adalah perbandingan kapasitas pendinginan dengan input daya.

Kapasitas pendinginan dengan input daya. Kapasitas pendinginan diukur menggunakan satuan Btu/h (British thermal units per hour) sedangkan daya diukur menggunakan satuan watt.

Berbeda dengan COP, EER berbanding lurus dengan efisiensi dari sebuah AC, semakin tinggi EER dari sebuah AC maka semakin efisien pula AC tersebut.  Dapatkan hadiah langsung ratusan ribu rupiah e-voucher dan kesempatan meraih ratusan hadiah menarik hingga mobil mewah.

Beli AC Daikin inverter sepanjang periode 15 April - 15 Juli 2022 dan daftarkan diri Anda untuk klaim hadiahnya. Dakin teli adalah juga program khusus bagi tenaga instalasi - teknisi AC.

Jangan sampai ketinggalan kesempatan besar ini! DAIKIN INVERTERIA. Makin Hemat, Makin Meriah Hadiahnya! BATAM, 16 Desember 2021 – Jelang akhir tahun, PT Daikin Airconditioning Indonesia justru semakin ekspansif dalam menjalankan bisnisnya di Indonesia. Hal ini tampak dari peresmian kantor cabang terbaru perusahaan solusi tata udara berbasis di Jepang tersebut di Batam.

Menempati bangunan empat lantai di Ruko Palm Spring Blok A4 No 12.A JL Raya Haji Fisabilillah Taman Baloi, Batam, kantor perwakilan ini akan meliputi dukungan layanan operasional, ruang pamer hingga pusat pelatihan Daikin untuk daerah Batam dan sekitarnya. “Pembukaan ini menjadi bagian dari upaya besar kami untuk semakin cepat dan tepat dalam memberikan layanan kepada pengguna maupun masyarakat Batam dan sekitarnya,” ujar Ching Khim Huat, Presiden Direktur PT Daikin Air Conditioning Indonesia.

Lebih lanjut ia menyatakan, dengan pembukaan ini, Daikin tercatat telah memiliki 13 perwakilan resmi yang tersebar di berbagai kota di seluruh Indonesia. Sebagai kantor perwakilan resmi, menurutnya lagi, kantor Daikin di Batam tak hanya fokus melayani kebutuhan untuk hunian, namun pula untuk kebutuhan bangunan komersial. Hal ini tak lepas dari kelengkapan lini produk Daikin yang juga memiliki deret lengkap untuk pengaplikasian bagi berbagai kebutuhan industri.

Terlebih bagi wilayah Batam yang sebagian besar merupakan kawasan industri, Daikin dikatakan memiliki berbagai pilihan solusi tata udara terbaik seperti Daikin Packaged dan VRV.

Berbagai solusi tata udara ini, termasuk pula AC untuk kebutuhan rumah, akan ditampilkan langsung pada Daikin Xperience Zone yang menjadi ruang pamer Daikin dalam kantor cabangnya ini. Selain dapat langsung melihat berbagai produk Daikin, pengunjung pun akan dakin teli adalah konsultan produk Daikin yang akan memberikan rekomendasi terbaik untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Sementara terkait ketersediaan produk, keberadaan kantor cabang Daikin terbaru ini pun akan menjamin pasokan yang lebih baik bagi masyarakat dan sekitarnya.

Pasalnya, untuk mendukung kantor cabang ini, Daikin pun melengkapinya dengan gudang bagi pasokan produk, spare part hingga material pendukung lainnya.

Tak hanya itu, layanan purna jual pun menjadi perhatian Daikin dalam kantor cabangnya di Batam. Bahkan, untuk menjaga pelayanan terbaik, Daikin Batam juga dakin teli adalah lengkap dengan pusat pelatihan dengan kapasitas hingga 25 orang. Yang membuatnya lebih istimewa, training centre Daikin ini telah memiliki fasilitas yang lengkap sesuai dengan standar Daikin sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai tempat pelatihan maupun sebagai tempat uji kompetensi.

“Mengimbangi keberadaan Daikin untuk terus memberikan solusi tata udara melalui inovasi produk terbaik, keberadaan kantor cabang ini kami harap dapat semakin meningkatkan pula layanan kami terhadap masyarakat,” ujar Ching Khim Huat. Lebih lanjut ia mengundang masyarakat Batam dan sekitarnya, yang memiliki kebutuhan penyejuk ruangan untuk kebutuhan rumah maupun bangunan komersial, dapat mengunjungi kantor cabang Daikin di Batam. Postingan Lainnya Thred ini bertujuan untuk menambah stok kosakata bahasa bali, berhubung bahasa bali disetiap daerah ada yang berbeda misalnya bhs bali denpasar belum tentu sama dengan bhsa bali singaraja, dll.

untuk itu kaskuser bali atau luar bali bisa menyumbngkan kosa kata bhs bali beserta artinya Contoh : Cicing = Anjing Kuluk = Anjing (lebih halus) Meju = Buang Air Besar Ngamah = Makan (kasar, untuk binatang) Medaar = Makan (lebih halus) Suksme = Terimakasih dsb.

tujuan lain dari thred ini adalah memperkenalkan dan menjaga keajegan bhs bali baik di kalangan orang2 bali maupun secara umum. AYO JADIKAN FORUM KASKUS UNTUK MENJALIN TALI PERSAUDARAAN YANG ERAT Original Posted By yoediezngaskus ► Thred ini bertujuan untuk menambah stok kosakata bahasa bali, berhubung bahasa bali disetiap daerah ada yang berbeda misalnya bhs bali denpasar belum tentu sama dengan bhsa bali singaraja, dll.

untuk itu kaskuser bali atau luar bali bisa menyumbngkan kosa kata bhs bali beserta artinya Contoh : Cicing = Anjing Kuluk = Anjing (lebih halus) Meju = Buang Air Besar Ngamah = Makan (kasar, untuk binatang) Medaar = Makan (lebih halus) Suksme = Terimakasih dsb. tujuan lain dari thred ini adalah memperkenalkan dan menjaga keajegan bhs bali baik di kalangan orang2 bali maupun secara umum.

AYO JADIKAN FORUM KASKUS UNTUK MENJALIN TALI PERSAUDARAAN Dakin teli adalah ERAT klo di negara tiang di badung : cicing : anjing kuluk : anak anjing
Anjing Pembroke Welsh Corgi Oleh Bobby Sant Anjing Pembroke Welsh Corgi berasal dari South West Wales, dipercaya bahwa nenek moyang dari Pembroke Welsh Corgi telah diperkenalkan oleh Dakin teli adalah Weavers, dibawa ke Britain/ Inggris tahun 1100 oleh Henry I. Sekarang dipercaya berasal dari Spitz berbeda dengan Cardigan Welsh Corgi, yang mana berasal dari nenek moyang yang sama dengan Dachshund.

Pembroke Welsh Corgi mempunyai nenek moyang kombinasi dari leluhur Keeshond, Pomeranian, Schipperke dan Swedish Vallhund. Bagaimanapun tidak ada kerancuan bahwa Pembroke adalah rekan manusia yang sangat dihargai sebagai penggiring ternak di domba-domba dan lembu di banyak negara-negara sampai saat ini. Pembroke sebagai keturunan yang murni telah berkembang sangat pesat kualitasnya di seluruh dunia. Barangkali klaim yang terbesar ketenarannya. Kerajaan Inggris menjadikan Pembroke sebagai salah satu anjing kesayangan kerajaan.

Di 1933 kemudian Duke of York menghadiahkan pada putrinya seekor anak anjing Pembroke yang bernama Rozavel Golden Eagle, anjing ini menjadi anjing kesayangan Princess Elizabeth ( sekarang menjabat sebagai Ratu Elizabeth II). Selama beberapa masa, anjing Pembroke Welsh Corgi dilarang untuk dipelihara oleh rakyat biasa karena dianggap sebagai hewan peliharaan bangsawan kerajaan Inggris. Dakin teli adalah sayangnya Ratu Elizabeth II terhadap Pembroke Welsh Corgi, dibuat film untuk menyindir Ratu Elizabeth II.

Di film itu, Ratu Elizabeth II ditodong pistol agar ia mau menyerahkan kekuasaannya tetapi Ratu bersikeras untuk tetap mempertahankan tahtanya. Sang penjahat tidak kehilangan akal, mengambil anjing Pembroke sang ratu yang sedang tiduran disisinya lalu ditodongkan pistol kearah Pembroke tersebut. Tanpa ditanya lagi sang Ratu langsung menandatangani surat penyerahan tahta. Terkenal dengan gonggongannya, yang mana lebih buruk dibanding gigitannya, Pembroke adalah seekor anjing yang kecil yang mempunyai gagasan besar.

Pembroke harus ramah dengan tujuan untuk menjadi ambisius, tetapi tidak dewasa sebelum waktunya dan tidak pernah agresif atau malu. Pembroke cukup cerdas untuk mengijinkan kamu untuk berpikir bahwa kamu adalah bossnya. Anjing ini sangat mudah untuk dilatih karena sifatnya yang ingin selalu membuat senang majikannya. Kecerdasan/Inteligen ini dikombinasikan dengan selera humornya yang tinggi membuat anjing ini sangat disukai oleh semua orang.

Pembroke Welsh Corgi dapat dipelihara di tempat yang kurang luas, anjing ini biasa hidup diperkotaan atau pedesaan. Yang penting, anjing ini tidak boleh terus dikandangkan sepanjang hari karena aning ini adalah anjing pekerja yang yang harus selalu beraktifitas. Pembroke Welsh Corgi mudah sekali untuk menjadi gemuk karena nafsu makannya yang sangat tinggi.

Anda harus selalu mengontrol jumlah makanannya. Jika sudah kegemukan, anjing ini akan mendapat masalah serius dengan tulang belakangnya yang panjang. Pembroke Welsh Corgi tidak memerlukan perawatan bulu yang berarti, cukup disikat/ disisir 2 kali dalam seminggu untuk mengangkat bulu matinya.

Mandikan bila diperlukan. Pembroke Welsh Corgi harus diberi exercise 2 kali dalam sehari. Pembroke Welsh Corgi merupakan anjing dengan tingkat social yang tinggi sehingga membuat dia selalu mau dekat dengan manusia.

Anjing ini suka sekali bermain dengan kita atau dengan anjing lainnya. Sebaiknya dipelihara lebih dari 1 ekor. Official Breed Standard Original Posted By godcomplex ►boleh pm harganya gan? fotonya blm ada ya? Aq pm y gan Iya nih klo mau foto sendirian susah, hbs misua kerja muluu g ada yg bantuin megangngin.

Lagian kmrn hbs ditato soalnya. Tar gw update secepatnya d. Klo ada pin bb add dl aja, tar gw share dl fotonya yg lama klo udh g sabar pengen liat, hehehheeeee. The Pembroke Welsh Corgi (/ˈkɔrɡi/) is a herding dog breed, which originated in Pembrokeshire, Wales.

It is one of two breeds known as Welsh Corgi: the other is the Cardigan Welsh Corgi. The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is the younger of the two Corgi breeds and is a separate and distinct breed from the Cardigan. The corgi is one of the smallest dogs in the Herding Group. Pembroke Welsh Corgis are famed for being the preferred breed of Queen Elizabeth II, who owns sixteen. These dogs have been favoured by British royalty for more than seventy years.

Queen Elizabeth II owns 16 dogs of this breed. In September 2012, it was stated by Off the Leash Pet News on MSN Living online that two of them, Monty (who had appeared in the James Bond scenes dakin teli adalah the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games) and Cider (who is half Dachshund) had passed away, leaving only two Corgis, Willow and Holly, left.
Jawaban: T e k n i k B u t s i r Penjelasan: Teknik Butsir adalah dengan dengan cara mengurangi bagian bahan yang tidak dipakai ataupun menambah bahan yang dikehendaki sedikit demi sedikit.

Bahan yang biasa di gunakan menggunakan teknik ini adalah bahan lunak seperti lilin, sabun dan gips.

M A P E L : S E N I B U D A Y A T E N T A N G : S E N I P A T U N G B A B : 2 K E L A S : I X _________________________ Instagram : @Naaa.fu Brainly : @Naaafu 5. Perhatikan identitas buku berikut! Judul Buku Tips & Trik Jago Main Rubik Penulis Buku Wicaksono Hadi Penerbit Buku : Gradien Mediatama Cetakan … I tahun 2009 Tebal Buku 184 halaman Rubik merupakan permainan puzzle mekanik berbentuk kubus yang mempunyai enam warna berbeda pada setiap sisinya.

Rubik ditemukan tahun 1974 oleh Profesor Erno Rubik. Dalam waktu yang tidak lama, rubik menciptakan sensasi internasional. Setiap orang ingin memiliki dan memainkannya. Berdasarkan identitas buku, apa jenis buku tersebut? Jelaskan jawabanmu! Jawab:​ 1. apa yang sudah dilakukan bani terhadap rian? 2. setujuhkan kamu dengan sikap bani? jelaskanlah! 3. apakah sikap bani sesuai dengan nilai sila kedua … pancasila?

4. jika kamu menjadi rian,bagaimana perasaanmu menghadapi sikap bani? jelaskanlah! 5. apa sikap yang seharusnya dilakukan bani terhadap rian?

1. indonesia adalah negara yang.dengan banyak nya budaya yang dimiliki a. makmur b. majemuk c. damai d. ramai 2.salah satu cara memperkukuh persat dakin teli adalah uan dan kesatuan bangsa adalah. a.kerja sama internasional umat beragama b. hubungan baik antara pemuka agama c. dialog antar agama yang berbeda d.

kerja sama antar umat beragama 3.cara menghargai budaya dari suku lain adalah. a. tidak mencela pertunjukan kesenian daerah lain b. biasa saja terhadap budaya daerah lain c. tetap menganggap budaya sendiri yang paling baik d. menonjolkan budaya daerah sendiri 4.bentuk sikap menghargai keberagaman dalam beragama adalah. a. menganggap semua agama mengajar kan tata cara ibadah yang sama b. memiliki sikap toleransi terhadap pemeluk agama lain c.

memilih teman pergaulan hanya yang memiliki agama sama d.menutup diri terhadap agama orang lain 5.sikap yang mencerminkan saling menghargai dalam perbedaan di lingkungan sekolah adalah.

a. memberikan kesempatan belajar kepada siswa pintar b. mendengarkan pendapat orang lain walaupun tidak sesuai dengan pendapat sendiri c. menaati aturan sekolah jika ada bapak/ibu guru d. mengikuti upacara setiap hari senin jika dimarahi 6.adat istiadat mitoni terdapat di daerah . 7. bhinneka tunggal ika berarti. 8.adat istiadat telah dilakukan masyarakat dalam jangka waktu yang.

9.adat istiadat harus. oleh masyarakat pendatang 10.upacara pertunjukan daerah yang berasal dari madura yaitu. 11.bagaimana dakin teli adalah terhadap adat istiadat suatu tempat? 12.tulislah dua contoh perilaku siswa yang mencerminkan semangat mencintai bangsa dan tanah air? 13.berikan masing-masing satu contoh perilaku siswa yang mencerminkan nilai kegotoroyongan dalam kehidupan keluarga dan kehidupan di sekolah? 14.mengapa dalam setiap aktivitas masyarakat dari daerah yang berbeda dapat menggunakan bahasa indonesia?

15. jelas kan dasar negara kita yang menjadi dasar pemersatu bangsa?• العربية • अवधी • भोजपुरी • বাংলা • کوردی • Čeština • Deutsch • English • Esperanto • Español • Euskara • Suomi • Français • हिन्दी • Magyar • Italiano • 한국어 • Кыргызча • Lietuvių • मैथिली • नेपाली • Norsk nynorsk • Norsk bokmål • ਪੰਜਾਬੀ • Polski • پنجابی • Português • Русский • संस्कृतम् • Simple English • Slovenščina • Svenska • தமிழ் • Українська • 中文 Citra aerial dataran Dakin teli adalah dekat Biratnagar, Nepal Terai ( Nepali: तराई Bahasa Hindi: तराइ) adalah salah satu dataran Nepal dan wilayah dataran Bangladesh, Bhutan, dan India yang terletak di selatan bagian luar bukit kaki gunung Himalaya, Bukit Siwalik, dan utara dari Dataran Indo-Gangga Gangga, Brahmaputra, dan anak-anak sungainya.

Lajur dataran rendah ini bercirikan padang rumput tinggi, sabana berbelukar, hutan sal, dan rawa-rawa yang kaya tanah liat. Di utara Dakin teli adalah, Terai terhampar dakin teli adalah arah timur dari Sungai Yamuna di Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, dan Bihar.

Terai adalah bagian sabana dan padang rumput Terai-Duar. Bagian-bagian yang saling terhubung di Bengal Barat, Bangladesh, Bhutan dan Assam di timur Sungai Brahmaputra disebut 'Dooars'. [1] Di Nepal, Terai terletak pada ketinggian antara 67 dan 300 m (220 dan 984 ft), terdiri atas lebih dari lima puluh lahan basah.

Di utara Terai terdapat Bhabhar, sabuk hutan sempit yang terus bersambung dengan lebar sekitar 8–12 km (5.0–7.5 mil). [2] Daftar isi • 1 Etimologi • 2 Geologi • 3 Iklim • 4 Terai di Nepal • 4.1 Terai Dalam • 4.2 Terai Luar • 5 Sejarah • 6 Kelompok etnis • 7 Ekonomi • 7.1 Transportasi • 7.2 Pariwisata • 7.3 Agrikultur • 8 Terai dakin teli adalah India • 9 Referensi • 10 Bacaan Lebih Lanjut • 11 Pranala luar Etimologi [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Dalam bahasa Hindi wilayah ini disebut तराई tarāī yang berarti "bukit di kaki gunung".

[3] Dalam bahasa Nepal, wilayah ini disebut तराइ tarāi yang berarti "tanah dataran rendah, dataran", khususnya "tanah dataran rendah di kaki pegunungan Himālaya". [4] Nama wilayah ini dalam bahasa Urdu adalah ترای tarā'ī yang berarti "hamparan tanah di kaki batas air" atau "di tepi sungai; tanah rendah dengan genangan air, lembah, basin, tanah berawa, rawa, paya, padang rumput".

[5] Geologi [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Terai dilintasi oleh sungai-sungai besar abadi Himalaya: Yamuna, Gangga, Sarda, Karnali, Narayani, dan Kosi yang masing-masing membentuk delta ribuan kilometer persegi di bawah tempat keluarnya dari perbukitan. Sungai-sungai berukuran medium seperti Rapti naik di Barisan Mahabharat. Secara geologi, struktur wilayah ini terdiri atas delta lama dan baru yang keduanya tersusun terutama dari pasir, tanah liat, lanau, kerikil, dan fragmen-fragmen kasar.

Aluvium baru dibentuk kembali setiap tahun oleh deposit segar yang dibawa turun oleh sungai yang mengalami fluvial. Aluvium lama berada agak jauh dari aliran sungai, terutama di dataran tinggi dataran ini di mana pengendapan adalah fenomena yang langka.

[6] Ada banyak sungai kecil, biasanya musiman, mengalir melewati Terai; sebagian besar di antaranya bermula di Perbukitan Siwalik. Tanah Terai alluvial dan bertekstur halus hingga medium. Hamparan hutan di Terai dan wilayah perbukitan menyempit setiap tahun 1,3% antara 1978 dan 1979, kemudian 2,3% antara 1990 dan 1991.

[2] Seiring meningkatnya pembabatan hutan dan pengusahaan lahan, campuran permeabel kerikil, batu besar yang tergerus air, dan pasir berkembang, memicu penurunan dasar sungai. Di mana terdapat lapisan yang terdiri atas tanah liat dan sedimen halus, air yang tadinya tersembunyi naik ke permukaan dan sedimen berat terbawa, menyebabkan banjir besar rutin selama musim hujan, misalnya Banjir Bihar tahun 2008.

[7] Berkurangnya lereng begitu sungai keluar dari daerah perbukitan dan transisi setelahnya dari Bhabhar yang miring ke Terai yang nyaris datar menyebabkan arus melambat dan beban sedimen berat lepas dari suspensi. Proses pengendapan ini menciptakan beberapa saluran dengan dasar dangkal, memungkinkan banjir besar ketika sungai yang membesar pada musim hujan meluap melebihi tepi sungai yang rendah dan mengganggu saluran-saluran tersebut.

Banyak daerah mengalami erosi seperti selokan. Dua puluh dari dakin teli adalah distrik Nepal terletak di wilayah ini. Dakin teli adalah [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Ada beberapa perbedaan antara iklim di tepi barat Terai di Chandigarh, India dan di Biratnagar, Nepal dekat tepi timur.

• Lebih masuk ke daratan dan jauh dari sumber monsoon (musim hujan) di Teluk Benggala, iklim lebih kontinental dengan perbedaan lebih besar antara musim panas dan musim dingin.

• Di barat jauh Terai, lima derajat lintang utara, bulan-bulan terdingin rata-rata 3 °C (37 °F) lebih rendah. • Total curah hujan secara signifikan berkurang dari timur ke barat. Musim hujan tiba lebih lama, sangat kurang intens dan berakhir lebih cepat. Namun, musim dingin lebih basah di barat. Terai di Nepal [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Terai di Nepal dibedakan menjadi Terai "Dalam" dan "Luar". Terai Dalam [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Terai Dalam mengacu pada lembah-lembah sungai di dataran rendah selatan Nepal di antara barisan Mahabharata dan Shivalik.

Terai Dalam terdiri dari lima lembah memanjang yang membentang dari barat laut ke tenggara sejajar dengan barisan perbukitan yang melengkung: • Lembah Surkhet ( Nepali: सुर्खेत ) di Distrik Surkhet, utara Distrik Kailali dan Bardiya; [8] • Lembah Dang ( Nepali: दाङ ) di Distrik Dang; [8] • Lembah Deukhuri ( Nepali: देउखुरी ) di selatan Lembah Dang di Distrik Dang; [8] • Lembah Chitwan ( Nepali: चितवन ) terdiri atas Distrik Chitwan dan Makwanpur; [8] • Lembah Kamala, juga disebut Lembah Udayapur ( Nepali: उदयपुर ) di Distrik Udayapur utara Distrik Siraha dan Saptari.

[8] [9] Sebagian besar lembah-lembah ini memiliki lebar lima hingga sepuluh kilometer (utara-selatan) dan panjang sampai ratusan kilometer (timur-barat). [ citation needed] Sensus nasional tahun 2001 melaporkan 2,3 juta populasi (10% dari total nasional) di tujuh distrik Terai Dalam ini (Distrik Banke dihitung sebagai Terai Luar). Dengan 45% di Terai Dalam, 55% penduduk Nepal dakin teli adalah di distrik-distrik Terai.

{INSERTKEYS} [ kutipan diperlukan] Terai Luar [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Terai Luar dimulai dari selatan Perbukitan Siwalik sampai Dataran Indo-Gangga. Di Daerah Barat Jauh, Nepal, terdiri atas Distrik Kanchanpur dan Kailali; di Daerah Barat Tengah, Nepal, Distrik Bardiya dan Banke.

Daerah-daerah ini dahulu disebut sebagai Naya Muluk dan berada di perbatasan kekuasaan Dinasti Awadh. Setelah Nepal kalah dalam Perang Anglo–Nepal (1814–1816), distrik-distrik ini dianeksasi oleh Inggris menurut Perjanjian Sugauli dan dikembalikan pada tahun 1860 sebagai penghargaan atas bantuan militer Nepal dalam Pemberontakan India pada tahun 1857.

Jauh di timur, Terai Luar terdiri atas Distrik Kapilvastu, Rupandehi, Nawalparasi, Parsa, Bara, Rautahat, Sarlahi, Mahottari, Dhanusa, Siraha, Saptari, Sunsari, Morang, dan Jhapa. [8] Timur Banke, Terai Luar Nepal, dilintasi oleh perbatasan internasional yang berayun ke utara menyusuri tepi Siwalik, bersampingan dengan Lembah Deukhuri. Terai Luar ini sepenuhnya dalam Distrik Shravasti dan Balrampur Uttar Pradesh.

Di timur Deukhuri, perbatasan internasional memanjang ke selatan lagi; Nepal memiliki tiga distrik Terai Luar lain. [ kutipan diperlukan] Sensus nasional tahun 2001 mencatat 10,3 juta penduduk (45% total nasional) di distrik-distrik Terai Luar. [ kutipan diperlukan] Sejarah [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Sampai pertengahan abad XVIII, Terai terbagi dalam beberapa kerajaan kecil; hutan hanya sedikit disentuh.

Daerah hutan terutama dimiliki oleh Sal. Penebangan hutan secara besar-besaran dimulai pada tahun 1920-an. Kayunya diekspor ke India untuk mengumpulkan pendapatan.

Lahan yang sudah bersih selanjutnya digunakan untuk pertanian. Lembah Terai Dalam dalam sejarah adalah daerah pertanian yang produktif, namun sarat dengan malaria. Beberapa bagian kiri hutan, oleh keputusan resmi selama Dinasti Rana, dipertahankan utuh sebagai perimeter defensif yang disebut Char Kose Jhadi, berarti 'hutan empat kos'; satu kos sama dengan sekitar 3 km (1,9 mil).

Pengamat Inggris mencatat, "Penduduk dataran tersebut dan para pahari umumnya mati jika mereka tidur di Terai sebelum tanggal 1 November atau setelah tanggal 1 Juni." Wisatawan Inggris pergi ke Kathmandu secepat mungkin dari perbatasan di Raxaul untuk mencapai perbukitan sebelum malam tiba. Malaria diberantas dengan menggunakan DDT pada pertengahan 1950-an. Selanjutnya, penduduk perbukitan bermigrasi ke Terai.

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Ekspor produk kayu terus berjalan hingga tahun 1969. Pada tahun 1970, Raja membagi tanah untuk mantan personil militer yang setia di Distrik Jhapa, Sunsari, Rupandehi dan Banke, di mana tujuh koloni dikembangkan untuk pemukiman kembali sekitar tujuh ribu orang. Mereka memperoleh hak milik atas hutan yang belum digarap dan tanah 'kosong', mempercepat proses deforestasi Terai. Kelompok etnis [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Orang Tharu adalah penduduk asli hutan Terai.

Lainnya adalah Yadav, Teli, Thakur, Mohoto, Muslim, Dakin teli adalah, dll. Mereka semi-nomaden, mempraktikkan perladangan serta mengumpulkan buah-buahan liar, sayuran, dan tanaman obat. Mereka telah tinggal di Terai selama berabad-abad dan konon memiliki resistensi bawaan terhadap malaria. Mengikuti program pemberantasan malaria menggunakan DDT pada tahun 1960-an, pemukiman populasi heterogen non-Tharu dalam jumlah besar terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Petani Pahari dari tengah-tengah bukit pindah ke dataran ini mencari tanah yang subur, termasuk Bahun, Chhetri, dan Newar.

Di bagian pedesaan Terai, distribusi dan nilai tanah menjadi sebagian besar penentu hierarki ekonomi. Imigran berkasta tinggi dari perbukitan dan tuan tanah tradisional Tharu yang memiliki lahan pertanian produktif menduduki tingkat atas hierarki ekonomi.

Orang miskin ialah orang Dalit Terai yang tak bertanah atau hampir demikian, termasuk Musahar dan Chamar, serta nelayan tradisional, Mallaah. Ekonomi [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Terai ialah wilayah paling produktif Nepal dengan mayoritas industri negara di sana. Agrikultur adalah basis ekonomi. [10] Hasil panen utama mencakup beras, gandum, kacang-kacangan, tebu, rami, tembakau, dan jagung. Distrik-distrik di timur dari Parsa ke Jhapa menyokong industri agro: pabrik rami, penggilingan padi, penggilingan beras, dan pabrik tembakau.

Kota-kota dengan populasi di atas 50.000 jiwa di Terai Nepal meliputi: Kota Kabupaten Sensus 2001 Ekonomi Biratnagar Morang 166.674 industri-agro, pendidikan, perdagangan/transportasi Birgunj Parsa 112.484 perdagangan/pusat transportasi, agro dan industri lainnya Dharan Sunsari 95332 pusat pariwisata dan tujuan, pendidikan, jasa keuangan Bharatpur Chitwan 89.323 industri-agro dan pengolahan makanan, pariwisata, kesehatan, pendidikan Bhim Dutta Kanchanpur 80.839 transportasi, pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan Butwal Dakin teli adalah 75.384 transportasi, ritel, industri-agro, perawatan kesehatan, pendidikan Hetauda Makwanpur 68.482 transportasi, pabrik semen, industri skala besar dan kecil Dhangadhi Kailali 67.447 Janakpur Dhanusa 67.192 transportasi, industri-agro, pendidikan, perawatan kesehatan, situs ziarah Nepalganj Banke 57.535 transportasi, ritel, jasa keuangan, layanan kesehatan Triyuga Udayapur 55.291 pariwisata Siddharthanagar Rupandehi 52.569 perdagangan/pusat transportasi, ritel, hotel dan jasa ziarah Transportasi [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Jalan Raya Mahendra menyeberangi Terai Nepal dari Kankarbhitta di perbatasan timur di Distrik Jhapa, Zona Mechi ke Mahendranagar dekat perbatasan barat di Distrik Kanchanpur, Zona Mahakali.

Jalan raya ini adalah satu-satunya jalan kendaraan bermotor yang merentangi negara ini dari timur ke barat. Pariwisata [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Patung Buddha di Bazar Kathauna Objek pariwisata di Terai mencakup: • Lumbini, tempat lahir Sang Buddha (dekat Siddharthanagar) • Taman Nasional Bardia (dekat Nepalganj) • Taman Nasional Chitwan (dekat Bharatpur) • Janakpur, tempat lahir Sita, istri Rama dalam Ramayana. Agrikultur [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Terai terkenal atas peternakan lebah dan produksi madu dengan sekitar 120.000 koloni Apis cerana.

Terai di India [ sunting - sunting sumber ] Di India, lembah-lembah di Terai Dalam disebut Dūn ( bahasa Hindi: दून ). Terai menjangkau Uttar Pradesh dan Uttarakhand. Berikut ini adalah sebagian besar distrik yang berada di perbatasan Indo- Nepal: • Uttar Pradesh: Pilibhit, Gonda, Ballia, Bahraich, Balrampur, Siddharthnagar, Maharajganj • Uttarakhand: Udham Singh Nagar Referensi [ sunting - sunting sumber ] • ^ Johnsingh A.J.T., Ramesh K., Qureshi Q., David A., Goyal S.P., Rawat G.S., Rajapandian K., Prasad S.

(2004). • ^ a b Bhuju, U.R., Shakya, P.R., Basnet, T.B., Shrestha, S. (2007), Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Diarsipkan 2011-07-26 di Wayback Machine. • ^ Bahri, H. (1989). • ^ Turner, R.L. (1931). • ^ Platts, J. T. (1884). • ^ Das, K.K.L., Das, K.N. (1981), "Morfologi Alluvial Dataran Bihar Utara – Studi Geomorfologi Terapan", di Sharma, H. S., Perspektif Geomorfologi, 4, New Delhi: Naurung Rai Concept Publishing Company, pp.

85–105 CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) • ^ Bhargava, A. K., Lybbert, T. J., & Spielman, D. J. (2014). • ^ a b c d e f Guneratne, A. (2002). • ^ Rai, C. B. (2010). • ^ Sharma, R. P. (1974). Bacaan Lebih Lanjut [ sunting - sunting sumber ] • Chaudhary, D. 2011. Tarai/Madhesh Nepal: Studi Antropologi. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu. ISBN 978-99933-878-2-4. Pranala luar [ sunting - sunting sumber ] • WWF: Peta Divisi Ekologi Nepal, menunjukkan Terai • Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 5 Januari 2022, pukul 20.21.

• Teks tersedia di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat Ketentuan Penggunaan untuk lebih jelasnya. • Kebijakan privasi • Tentang Wikipedia • Penyangkalan • Tampilan seluler • Pengembang • Statistik • Pernyataan kuki • •
Portrait by Raymond Monvoisin Pasha of Yanina In office 1788–1822 Personal details Born 1740 Beçisht, Ottoman Empire (now Albania) Died January 24, 1822 (1822-01-24) (aged 81–82) Ioannina, Ottoman Empire (now Greece) Spouse(s) Kyra Vassiliki Relations Veli Bey (father) [1] Chamko/Hamko (mother) Muhtar Bey (grandfather) [1] Islam Bey (father's cousin) [1] Children Muhtar Pasha (son) Veli Pasha (son) [1] Salih Pasha (son) Parent(s) Veli Bey and Hanka Signature Nickname(s) "Aslan" ( Turkish: Lion) "Lion of Yannina" [1] "Muslim Bonaparte" [1] Ali Pasha (1740 – 24 January 1822), variously referred to as of Tepelena or of Janina/Yannina/Ioannina, or the Lion of Yannina, was an Albanian ruler who served as pasha of a large part of western Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European territories, which was referred to as the Pashalik of Yanina.

His court was in Ioannina, and the territory he governed incorporated central and southern Albania, most of Epirus and the western parts of Thessaly and Greek Macedonia. Ali had three sons: Muhtar Pasha, who served in the 1809 war against the Russians, Veli Pasha, who became Pasha of the Morea Eyalet and Salih Pasha, governor of Vlorë. [2] [3] Ali first appears in historical accounts as the leader of a band of brigands who became involved in many confrontations with Ottoman state officials in Albania and Epirus.

He joined the administrative-military apparatus of the Ottoman Empire, holding various posts until 1788 when he was appointed pasha, ruler of the sanjak of Ioannina. His diplomatic and administrative skills, his interest in modernist ideas and concepts, his popular Muslim piety, his respect towards other religions, his suppression of banditry, his vengefulness and harshness in imposing law and order, and his looting practices towards persons and communities in order to increase his proceeds caused both the admiration and the criticism of his contemporaries, as well as an ongoing controversy among historians regarding his personality.

As his influence grew, his involvement in Ottoman politics increased culminating in his active opposition to the ongoing Ottoman military reforms. After being declared a rebel in 1820, he was captured and killed in 1822 at the age of 81 or 82, after a successful military campaign against his forces.

In Western literature, Ali Pasha became the personification of an "oriental despot". [1] Contents • 1 Name • 2 Background and early years • 3 Ali Pasha as dakin teli adalah • 3.1 Impact on modern Greek Enlightenment • 3.2 Atrocities • 4 Downfall • 4.1 Death • 5 Religion • 6 Ali Pasha in literature • 7 See also • 8 Notes • 9 Sources • 10 Further dakin teli adalah • 11 External links Name [ edit ] His name in the local languages were: Albanian: Ali Pashë Tepelena or Albanian: Ali Pasha i Janines; Aromanian: Ali Pãshelu; Greek: Αλή Πασάς Τεπελενλής Ali Pasas Tepelenlis or Αλή Πασάς των Ιωαννίνων Ali Pasas ton Ioanninon (Ali Pasha of Ioannina); and Turkish: Tepedelenli Ali Paşa ( Ottoman Turkish: تپه‌دلنلي علي پاشا).

Background and early years dakin teli adalah edit ] The statue of Ali Pasha in Tepelenë At some point in the 19th century, Ali's family was attributed with a legendary ancestry; according to this claim, Ali's family supposedly descended from a Mevlevi dervish named Nazif who migrated from Konya to Tepelene through Kütahya. [1] [4] However, this tradition is unfounded, and Ali's family, in all likelihood, was of local Albanian origin. [1] [5] [6] They had achieved some stature by the 17th century.

[1] Ali's grandfather (Muhtar Bey) and great-grandfather were both bandit chieftains. [1] His grandfather had died during the 1716 dakin teli adalah of Corfu. [1] His father, Veli bey, was a local ruler of Tepelena.

[7] Ali himself was born in Tepelena [4] or in the adjacent village of Beçisht. [7] According to George Bowen, Ali Pasha was part of the Lab tribe; as this tribe was in disrepute among the other Albanians for their poverty and predatory habits, he thought it proper to call himself after Tepelena, a town of the Tosks; no one dared to dispute this until after his death.

[8] Ali's father was involved in a rivalry with his father's cousin Islam Bey, who was also a local ruler. [1] Islam Bey was appointed mutasarrıf of Delvinë in 1752, but Ali's father managed to kill him and was allowed to succeed his cousin as mutasarrıf in 1762. [1] However, his father was assassinated shortly after (when Ali was nine or ten), and he was brought up by his mother, Chamko (or Hanko), who originally hailed from Konitsa. [4] [1] In Ali's early years, he distinguished himself as a bandit.

[7] He affiliated himself with the Bektashi sect.

{INSERTKEYS} [7] The family lost much of its political and material status following the murder of his father. In 1758, his mother, Hanko, reportedly a woman of extraordinary character, thereupon herself formed and led a brigand band, and studied to inspire the boy with her own fierce and indomitable temper, with a view to revenge and the recovery of their lost wealth. [9] According to Byron: "Ali inherited 6 dram and a musket after the death of his father.

Ali collected a few followers from among the retainers of his father, made himself master, first of one village, then of another, amassed money, increased his power, and at last found himself at the head of a considerable body of Albanians". [ citation needed] Ali became a famous brigand leader and attracted the attention of the Ottoman authorities. He was assigned to suppress brigandage and fought for the " Sultan and Empire" with great bravery, particularly against the famous rebel Pazvantoğlu.

He aided the Pasha of Negroponte in putting down a rebellion at Shkodër, it was during this period that he was introduced to the Janissary units and was inspired by their discipline.

In 1768 he married the daughter of the wealthy Pasha of Delvina, with whom he entered into an alliance. [ citation needed] Ali was appointed mutasarrıf of Ioanninna at the end of 1784 or beginning of 1785, but was soon dismissed, returning to the position at the end of 1787 or start of 1788.

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{INSERTKEYS} [10] His rise through Ottoman ranks continued with his appointment as lieutenant to the Pasha of Rumelia. After supporting the Sultan in conflicts between local feudal lords, he was appointed to rule the Sanjak of Delvina in 1785 with the title of Pasha. In reward for his services at Banat during the Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791), he was additionally granted the Sanjak of Trikala in 1787, which was at the time suffering from brigand raids.

After achieving peace in Trikala by hunting down brigands, he was granted the role of supervisor of the tolls of " Tosceria and Epirus". In 1787 or 1788 he seized control of town of Ioannina, the major financial centre of all of Epirus and Albania, and enlisted most of the brigands under his own banner. That same year, Ali declared himself ruler of the Sanjak of Ioannina under the title Pasha of Yanina, delegating the title of Pasha of Trikala to his son, Veli.

[11] This marked the beginning of the Pashalik of Yanina, and Ioannina would be his power base for the next 33 years. Over this period, Ali took advantage of a weak Ottoman government to expand his territory still further until he gained control over most of Albania and northwestern Greece.

[ citation needed] During war-time, Ali Pasha could assemble an army of 50,000 men in a matter of two to three days and could double that number in two to three weeks.

Leading these armed forces was the Supreme Council. [12] The Commander-in-chief was the founder and financier, Ali Pasha. Council members included Muftar Pasha, Veli Pasha, Celâleddin Bey, Abdullah Pashe Taushani [ citation needed] and a number of his trusted men like Hasan Dervishi, Halil Patrona, Omar Vrioni, Meço Bono, Ago Myhyrdari, Thanasis Vagias, Veli Gega and Tahir Abazi. [12] [13] Ali Pasha as ruler [ edit ] Ali Pasha and his favorite wife Kira Vassiliki, by Paul Emil Jacobs As Pasha of Ioannina, he slowly laid the foundations for the creation of an almost independent state, which included a large part of Greece and Albania.

During his rule, the town of Ioannina developed into a major educational, cultural, political and economic hub. In order to achieve his goals, he allied with all religious and ethnic groups in his territory.

At the same time, he did not hesitate to fiercely crush any opponent. As he also developed relations with European powers. [14] Ali's policy as ruler of Ioánnina was mostly governed by expediency; he operated as a semi-independent despot and pragmatically allied himself with whoever offered the most advantage at the time.

In fact, it was Ali Pasha and his Albanian soldiers and mercenaries who subdued the independent Souli. [15] Ali Pasha wanted to establish in the Mediterranean a sea-power which would be a counterpart of that of the Dey of Algiers, Ahmed ben Ali.

[9] In order to gain a seaport on the Albanian coast, which was dominated by Venice, Ali Pasha formed an alliance with Napoleon I of France, who had established François Pouqueville as his general consul in Ioannina, with the complete consent of the Ottoman Sultan Selim III.

After the Treaty of Tilsit, where Napoleon granted [ clarification needed] the Czar his plan to dismantle the Ottoman Empire, Ali Pasha switched sides and allied with Britain in 1807; a detailed account of his alliance with the British was written by Sir Richard Church. His actions were permitted by the Ottoman government in Constantinople. Ali Pasha was very cautious and displeased by the emergence of the new Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II in the year 1808.

Medallion attributed to Ali Pasha, 1807 Lord Byron visited Ali's court in Ioánnina in 1809 [16] and recorded the encounter in his work Childe Harold. He evidently had mixed feelings about the despot, noting the splendour of Ali Pasha's court and the Greek cultural revival that he had encouraged in Ioánnina, which Byron described as being "superior in wealth, refinement and learning" to any other Greek town. In a letter to his mother, however, Byron deplored Ali's cruelty: "His Highness is a remorseless tyrant, guilty of the most horrible cruelties, very brave, so good a general that they call him the Mahometan Buonaparte ...

but as barbarous as he is successful, roasting rebels, etc, etc.." [17] Different tales about his sexual proclivities emerged from western visitors to Pasha's court (including Lord Byron, the Baron de Vaudoncourt [ fr], [18] and Frederick North, Earl of Guildford). These documenters wrote that he kept a large harem of both women and men. Such accounts may reflect the Orientalist imagination of Europe and underplay the historical role of Pasha rather than telling us anything concrete about his sexuality.

[19] Ali Pasha, according to one opinion, "was a cruel and faithless tyrant; still, he was not a Turk, but an Albanian; he was a rebel against the Sultan ( Mahmud II), and he was so far an indirect friend of the Sultan's enemies". [20] Throughout his rule he is known to have maintained close relations and corresponded with famous leaders such as Husein Gradaščević, Ibrahim Bushati, Mehmet Ali Pasha and Ibrahim Pasha. [ citation needed] Though certainly no friend to the Greek Nationalists (he had personally ordered the painful execution of the Klepht Katsantonis), his rule brought relative stability.

It was only after his forceful deposition that the people of Greece objected to the rule of the Sultan Mahmud II and the newly appointed Hursid Pasha and thus began the Greek War of Independence. Ali Pasha used Greek in his court, and over the gate of his castle in Yannina there was an inscription in Greek claiming his descent from King Pyrrhus of Epirus.

It is reported that he conversed with foreigners in Greek. [21] A long epic poem known as the Alipashiad consisting of more than 10,000 lines is dedicated to the exploits of Ali Pasha. The Alipashiad was composed by Haxhi Shekreti, an Albanian Muslim from Delvina and was written entirely in Greek. [22] Impact on modern Greek Enlightenment [ edit ] Although Ali Pasha's native language was Albanian he used Greek for all his courtly dealings [23] since the population of the region of Epirus (now mainly in northwestern Greece) which he ruled was predominantly Greek-speaking.

[24] As a consequence, a part of the local Greek population showed sympathy towards his rule. [23] This also activated new educational opportunities, with businessmen of the Greek diaspora, subsidizing a number of new educational purposes. As historian Douglas Dakin notes: [24] [Ali's] colourful career belongs to Greek as well as to Turkish history.

His court was Greek and had been the centre of a Greek renaissance. Atrocities [ edit ] "Ali Pasha hunting on the lake" by Louis Dupré (1825) In 1808, Mühürdar, a commanding Janissary of Ali Pasha, captured one of his most renowned opponents, the Greek klepht Katsantonis, who was executed in public by having his bones broken with a sledgehammer. [25] One of Ali's most notorious crimes, without a legal indictment, was the mass murder of 17 or 18 chosen young Greek girls of Ioannina.

They were, without a trial, sentenced as adulteresses, tied up in sacks and drowned in Lake Pamvotis. [26] Oral Aromanian tradition (songs) tells about the cruelty of Ali Pasha's troops. [ citation needed] In October 1798 Ali's troops attacked the coastal town of Preveza, which was defended by a small garrison of 280 French grenadiers and local Greeks. {/INSERTKEYS}

When the town was finally conquered, a major slaughter occurred against the local people as retaliation for their resistance. [27] He also tortured the French and Greek prisoners of war before their execution. A French officer described the atrocities ordered by Ali Pasha and his cruel character: The chamber where Mr. Tissot had been locked was facing to the place with the bloody remainders of the French and Greeks killed in Preveza. The officer witnessed the cruel death of several Prevezans whom Ali sacrificed to his rage, and the behavior of the Pasha during executions: one hundred dakin teli adalah more cruel than Nero, Ali was viewing with sarcasm the torments of his victims.

His bloody soul enjoyed with execrable pleasure his indescribable vengeance, and meditated still more atrocities. Every French captive was given a razor with which he was forced to skin the severed heads of his compatriots. Those who refused were beaten on the head with clubs. After the heads were skinned, the masks were salted and put in cloth bags. When the operation was finished, the French were driven back into the hangar, and they were warned to prepare for death.

Soon after they brought the unfortunate Prevezans, whose hands had been tied behind their back by the Albanians. They piled them in large boats and drove to Salagora (a small island in the Gulf of Arta), where a legion of executioners was waiting.

Ali made a hecatomb of these four hundred unfortunates. Dakin teli adalah heads were carried in triumph and then offered in Ioannina, a spectacle worthy of his ferocity. [28] In the early nineteenth century his troops completed the destruction of the once-prosperous cultural center of Moscopole, in modern southeastern Albania, and forced its Aromanian population to flee from the region.

[29] Many Aromanians scattered throughout the Balkans, founding settlements such as Kruševo, but also left the region and went to other countries, forming an Aromanian diaspora. [30] Downfall [ edit ] In 1819, Halet Efendi brought to the attention of Sultan Mahmud II issues conspicuously related to Ali Pasha; Halet Efendi accused Ali Pasha of grabbing power and influence in Ottoman Rumelia away from the Sublime Porte.

In 1820, Ali Pasha, after long tensions with the Turkish Reforms, allegedly ordered the assassination of Gaskho Bey, a political opponent in Constantinople; Sultan Mahmud II, who sought to restore the authority of the Sublime Porte, took this as a major opportunity to move against Ali Pasha by ordering his immediate deposition. Ali Pasha's tomb dakin teli adalah Ioannina Ali Pasha refused to resign his official post and put up a fierce resistance to the Sultan's troop movements as some 20,000 Turkish troops led by Hursid Pasha were fighting Ali Pasha's small but formidable army.

Most of his followers abandoned him without fighting and fled, including Androutsos and his sons Veli and Muhtar, or else joined the Ottoman army. Among these were Omer Vrioni and Alexis Noutsos, who went unopposed to Ioannina, which was besieged in September 1820.

On 4 December 1820, Ali Pasha and the Souliotes formed an anti-Ottoman coalition, to which the Souliotes contributed 3,000 soldiers. Ali Pasha gained the support of the Souliotes mainly because he offered to allow the return of the Souliotes to their land, and partly by appeal to their perceived Albanian origin. [31] [32] Initially, the coalition was successful and managed to control most of the region, but when the Muslim Albanian troops of Ali Pasha were informed of the beginning of the Greek revolts in the Morea, it was terminated.

[33] Ali's rebellion against the Sublime Porte increased the value of the Greek military element since their services were sought by the Porte as well. He is said to have contracted the services of the Klephts and Souliots in exile in the Ionian Islands as well as the armatoles under his command. [34] However he feared that the Klephts might rout him before the arrival of the Ottoman Turks. His separatist actions constitute a great example of the institutional corruption and dividing trends prevailing in the Ottoman Empire at the time.

His effort to become an independent ruler finally caused the reaction of the Sublime Porte, which sent an army lead by Hurshid Pasha against him in March 1821, which surrounded him in Dakin teli adalah. [35] By the end of 1821 after about two years of fighting, with most of his men having deserted him Ali retreated with Kyra Vassiliki and 70 guards to the citadel in the north eastern corner of Ioannina Castle.

[36] He had his men place barrels of gunpowder in the basement should it become necessary to blow up the citadel. Ali Pasha accepted a request from the Ottomans to enter into negotiations, in which he demanded that he be allowed to see the Sultan in person. Hurshid Pasha promised to pass on his request to the Sultan and in the interim issued Ali with a safe pass signed by himself and the other pasha’s in the army.

Hurshid Pasha also sent Ali a fake imperial firman (decree), instructing him to leave the leave the citadel while his request for a full pardon was considered. [36] Death [ edit ] Despite a feeling that he was being deceived Ali agreed to a truce and left the citadel with his wife, entourage and bodyguards and settled in the Monastery of St Panteleimon on the island in Lake Pamvotis, previously taken by the Ottoman army during the siege.

A few weeks later he was visited by a group of pashas and senior officials. He suspected a trap but the meeting passed without incident.

A few days later on 24 January 1822 [35] the Ottoman’s boats returned from which a senior official called Kiose Mehmed Pasha, disembarked, claiming that he had in his possession the Sultan’s firman for his execution. Ali told him dakin teli adalah stay back until he had read the document, but the pasha ignored him and called for him to comply.

[36] Ali pulled out his pistol and fired at dakin teli adalah, the Pasha returned fire while Kaftan Agas, Hurshid’s chief of his dakin teli adalah, managed to wound Ali in the arm with his sword. [35] Ali’s bodyguards rushed to protect him and managed to pull him into the building. The resulting gunfight only ending when Ali was mortally wounded in the abdomen by a bullet. [35] This caused his men to surrender. Ali was then beheaded. His last request to his chief bodyguard Thanasis Vagias was for his wife Kyra to be killed in order to prevent her falling into the hands of his enemies, but this was ignored.

[35] Hurshid Pasha, to whom it was presented on a large dish of silver plate, rose to receive it, bowed three times before it, and respectfully kissed the beard, expressing aloud his wish that he himself might deserve a similar end.

To such an extent dakin teli adalah the admiration with which Ali's bravery inspired these men to efface the memory of his crimes. [ citation needed] Ali’s head was wrapped dakin teli adalah a cloth, put on a silver platter and displayed though the streets and the homes of the notables of Ioannina to prove that the Ali was dead.

The local archbishop was having dinner with friends when Hurshid’s bodyguards forced their way into the room and desposited the head on the dinner table and demanded money. After saying a prayer for Ali, the archbishop handed over a bag of gold coins. Ali Pasha’s headless corpse was buried with full honors in a mausoleum next to the Fethiye Mosque, which he shares with one of his wives.

Despite his brutal rule, villagers paid their last respect to Ali: "Never was seen greater mourning than that of the warlike Epirotes." [ citation needed] The head was meanwhile sent to Constantinople where was displayed to the public on a revolving platter in a courtyard of the Sultan’s palace.

When the Sultan subsequently had Ali’s three sons and grandson executed, Ali’s head was buried with them in tombs outside the Selvyria gate in Constantinople.

[36] The former monastery in which Ali Pasha was killed is today a popular tourist attraction. The holes made by the bullets can still be seen, and the monastery has dedicated to him a museum, which includes a number of his personal possessions. [37] Religion [ edit ] Ali Pasha was born into a Muslim family. [38] Regardless, the struggle for power and the political turmoils within the empire required for him to support non-Muslim or heterodox priests, beliefs, and orders, [39] and especially the Orthodox Christian population which formed the majority of the population in the region he ruled.

[40] One of the spiritual figures which influenced him was Saint Cosmas. Ali ordered and supervised the construction of a monastery dedicated to him near Berat. [39] [41] Ali Pasha maintained control over the Christian population but respected the monasteries and stayed on good terms with the upper clergy. [42] He strongly supported the Sufi orders, well-spread in Rumelia at the time. Ali was close to the dominant Sufi orders as the Naqshbandi, Halveti, Sâdîyye, or even Alevi.

[39] Specifically the famous Sufi shrines in Yanina and Parga were Naqshbandi. [43] The order that was mostly supported by him was Bektashi and he is accepted today to have been a Bektashi follower, initiated by Baba Shemin of Fushë-Krujë. [44] Through his patronage, Bektashism spread in Thessaly, Epirus, South Albania, and in Kruja.

[43] [45] [46] [47] [48] Ali's tomb headstone was capped by the crown ( taj) of the Bektashi order. [49] Nasibi Tahir Babai, a Bektashi saint, is regarded as one of three spiritual advisers of Ali Pasha. [50] Ali Pasha in literature [ edit ] Ali Pasha's mace, now at the National Historical Museum of Athens According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, in Western literature, Ali Pasha became the personification of an "oriental despot".

[1] In the early 19th century, Ali's personal balladeer, Haxhi Shekreti, [51] composed the poem Alipashiad. The poem was written in Greek language, since the author considered it a more prestigious language in which to praise his master. [52] Alipashiad bears the unusual feature of being written from the Muslim point of view of that time. [53] He is the title character of the 1828 German singspiel Ali Pascha von Janina by Albert Lortzing.

In the novel The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas, père, Ali Pasha's downfall is revealed to have been brought about by French Army officer Fernand Mondego. Unaware of Mondego's collusion with the Sultan's forces, Pasha is described as having entrusted his wife, Kyra Vassiliki, and daughter, Haydée, to Mondego, who sells them into slavery.

Mondego then personally murders Ali Pasha and returns to France with a fortune. The novel's protagonist, Edmond Dantés, subsequently locates Haydée, buys her freedom, and helps her avenge her parents by testifying at Mondego's court martial in Paris.

Mondego, who is found guilty of "felony, treason, and dishonor", is abandoned by his wife and son and later commits suicide. Alexandre Dumas, père wrote a history, Ali Pacha, part of his eight-volume series Celebrated Crimes (1839–40). Ali Pasha is also a major character in the 1854 Mór Jókai's Hungarian novel Janicsárok végnapjai ("The Last Days of the Janissaries"), translated into English by R. Nisbet Bain, 1897, under the title The Lion of Janina.

Ali Pasha and Hursid Pasha are the main characters in Ismail Kadare's historic novel The Traitor's Niche (original title Kamarja e turpit). Ali Pasha provokes the bey Mustapha (a dakin teli adalah character) in Patrick O'Brian's The Ionian Mission to come out fighting on his own account, when the British navy is in the area seeking an ally to push the French off Corfu.

The Turkish expert for the British Navy visits him to learn this tangled story, which puts Captain Aubrey out to sea to take Mustapha in battle. Many of the conflicting versions about the origin of the " Spoonmaker's Diamond", a major treasure of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, link it with Ali Pasha – though their historical authenticity is doubtful. [ citation needed] Loretta Chase's 1992 historical romance novel The Lion's Daughter includes Ali Pasha and a possible revolt against him by a cousin, Ismal.

See also [ edit ] • Albania under the Ottoman Empire • Dimitrios Deligeorgis, a dakin teli adalah to Ali Pasha • Greek War of Independence • History of Albania • History of Ottoman Albania Notes [ edit ] • ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Clayer 2014. • ^ http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/18/24/106.pdf [ bare URL PDF] • ^ Sellheim, R.

(1992). Oriens. BRILL. p. 303. ISBN 978-90-04-09651-6. Retrieved October 21, 2010. • ^ a b c H. T. Norris (1993). Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World. Dakin teli adalah. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 231–. ISBN 978-1-85065-167-3. • ^ Fleming (1999): p. 60. • ^ Ahmet Uzun. Ο Αλή Πασάς ο Τεπελενλής και η περιουσία του. [Ali Pasha from Tepeleni and his fortune] (Greek), p. 3: "Εξαιτίας της μοναδικότητας του ονόματος μιας οικογένειας που μετανάστευσε από την Ανατολία στη Ρούμελη και εγκαταστάθηκε στο Τεπελένι, υπάρχουν ισχυρισμοί που τον θέλουν Τούρκο.

Εντούτοις οι ισχυρισμοί αυτοί είναι αβάσιμοι αφού στην πραγματικότητα είναι αποδεδειγμένο ότι καταγόταν από τη νότια Αλβανία." [Because of the uniqueness of the name of a family which emigrated from Anatolia to Rumelia and settled in Qendër Tepelenë, there are claims that he was a Turk.

However, these claims are unfounded since, in reality, it is proven that he came from southern Albania.] • ^ a b c d Robert Elsie (December 24, 2012).

A Biographical Dictionary of Dakin teli adalah History. I. B. Tauris. pp. 7–8.

ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3. • ^ George Bowen (1852), Mount Athos, Thessaly and Epirus: A diary of a Journey, Francis & John Rivington, London, p. 192, cited in Hart Dakin teli adalah Kain (1999)Culture, civilization and demarcation at the northwest borders of Greece, American Ethnologist, 26(1), pp. 196–220, footnote 19. • ^ a b Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). "Ali Pasha". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 659–661.

• ^ Elevating and Safeguarding Culture Using Tools of the Information Society: Dusty traces of the Muslim culture. Earthlab. p. 364. ISBN 978-960-233-187-3. • ^ Elevating and Safeguarding Culture Using Tools of the Information Society: Dusty traces of the Muslim culture.

Earthlab. p. 337. ISBN 978-960-233-187-3. • ^ a b Historia e Popullit Shqipetar. Tirana, Albania: Shtepia Botuese Toena. 2002. • ^ Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës; Instituti i Historisë (1987). "Studime Historike". 41: 140. Retrieved August 17, 2010. {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires -journal= ( help) • ^ Findley, Carter V. (2012). Modern Türkiye Tarihi İslam, Milliyetçilik ve Modernlik 1789-2007.

İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları. p. 30. ISBN 978-605-114-693-5. • ^ Sakellariou pp. 250–251 • ^ Lord Byron's Correspondence; John Murray, editor. • ^ Rowland E. Prothero, ed., The Works of Lord Byron: Letters and Journals, Vol. 1, 1898, "mahometan+buonaparte" p. 252 (letter dated Prevesa, 12 November 1809) • ^ Vaudoncourt, Guillaume de Memoirs on the Ionian Islands . : including the life and character of Ali Pasha. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, 1816 • ^ Murray, Stephen O.

& Roscoe, Will (1997) Islamic Homosexualities: culture, history, dakin teli adalah literature, NYU Press, p. 189 • ^ The Ottoman Power in Europe by Edward Augustus Freeman • ^ Holland Henry, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia &c.

during the years 1812 and 1813. London 1815, p. 126. • ^ Wace A.J.B. and Thompson M. S. (1914) The nomads of the Balkans: An account of life and customs among the Vlachs of Northern Pindus, Methuen & Co., Ltd., p. 192. • ^ a b Fleming (1999): p. 63 • ^ a b Fleming (1999): p. 64: "The population of Ali's territories was predominantly Greek speaking, and the use of its common tongue by the ruling class had the effect of linking them, albeit inchoately, with that ruling class." • ^ Merry, Bruce.

Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004. ISBN 978-0-313-30813-0, p. 231.

• ^ Fleming (1999): p. 168. • ^ Fleming (1999): p. 99. • ^ Bellaire, J.P., Précis des opérations générales de la division Française du Levant, Chargée, pendant les années V, VI et VII de la défense des îles et possessions ex-vénitiennes de la mer Ionienne, formant\naujourd' hui la République des Sept-Isles.

Paris, 1805. pp. 418–420 • ^ Winnifrith, Tom. Vlachs: the history of a Balkan people. Duckworth, 1987, ISBN 978-0-7156-2135-6, p. 130. • ^ Zeana, Corneliu (2021). Boldea, Iulian dakin teli adalah.

"The Aromanians, a distinct Balkan ethnicity" (PDF). The Shades of Globalisation. Identity and Dialogue in an Intercultural World (in Romanian). Arhipelag XXI Publishing House: 39–44. ISBN 978-606-93691-3-5.

• ^ Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth (1999). The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece. Princeton University Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-691-00194-4.

Retrieved October 19, 2010. • ^ Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth (1999). The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece. Princeton University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-691-00194-4. Retrieved October 19, 2010. • ^ Victor Roudometof; Roland Robertson (2001), Nationalism, globalization, and orthodoxy: the social origins of ethnic conflict in the Balkans, Greenwood Publishing Group, p.

25, ISBN 978-0-313-31949-5 • ^ John Dakin teli adalah. Koliopoulos Brigands with a Cause, p. 40 • ^ a b c d e "Pre-Revolution". Paul Vrellis Greek History Museum.

2021. Retrieved March 17, 2022. • ^ a b c d Mazower, Mark (2021). The Greek Revolution: 1821 and the Making of Modern Europe (Hardback). Allen Lane. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-0-241-00410-4. • ^ Νήσος Ιωαννίνων. (2009). Μουσεία (in Greek).

Archived from the original on November 3, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009. • ^ K. E. Fleming (1999), The Muslim Bonaparte: Diplomacy and Orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece, Princeton University Press, p. 32, ISBN 9780691001944, OCLC 39539333, Sources agree he was born into an aristocratic Muslim Albanian family in the Albanian village of Tebelen • ^ a b c Pierre Savard, Brunello Vigezzi (Commission of History of International Relations) (1999), Le Multiculturalisme Et L'histoire Des Relations Internationales Du XVIIIe Siècle À Nos Dakin teli adalah, Milano: Edizioni Unicopli, p.

68, ISBN 9788840005355, OCLC 43280624, Tepedelenli Ali Pasa, governor of Yanya (Yannina) who was an Alevi-Bektashi and who also had great love for the Saint. • ^ Fleming (1992): 66 • ^ Geōrgios K. Giakoumēs; Grēgorēs Vlassas; D. A. Hardy (1996), Monuments of Orthodoxy in Albania, Athens: Doukas School, p.

68, ISBN 9789607203090, OCLC 41487098, KOLIKONTASI Monastery.thirty-four years after his tragic end, on the orders of 'his highness the Vizier Ali Pasha from Tepeleni' • ^ Konstantinos, Giakoumis (2002). The monasteries of Jorgucat and Vanishte in Dropull and of Spelaio in Lunxheri as monuments and institutions during the Ottoman period in Albania (16th–19th centuries) (PDF) (Doctor of Philsophy).

University of Birmingham. p. 49. Retrieved July 8, 2018. Ali Pasha dealt. Pasha of Ioannina • ^ a b Natalie Clayer (2002), "III", in Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers; Bernd Jürgen Fischer (eds.), Albanian Identities: Myth and History, Indiana University Press, p.

130, ISBN 9780253341891, OCLC 49663291, dakin teli adalah seemed to have been closer to the Sadiyye, the Halvetiyye dakin teli adalah even dakin teli adalah Nakshibendiyye (the tekke of Parga was Nakshibendi, as well as a well-kbown tekke of Ioannina). Ali Pasha was considered to be 'responsible for the propagation of Bektashism' in Thessaly, in South Albania and in Kruja. • ^ Miranda Vickers (1999), The Albanians: A Modern History, London: I.B. Tauris, p. 22, ISBN 9781441645005, Around that time, Ali was converted to Bektashism by Baba Shemin of Kruja.

• ^ Robert Elsie (2004), Dakin teli adalah Dictionary of Albania, European historical dictionaries, Scarecrow Press, p.

40, ISBN 9780810848726, OCLC 52347600, Most of the Southern Albania and Epirus converted to Bektashism, initially under the influence of Ali Pasha Tepelena, "the Lion of Janina", who was himself a follower of the order.

• ^ Vassilis Nitsiakos (2010), On the Border: Transborder Mobility, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries along the Albanian-Greek Frontier (Balkan Border Crossings- Contributions to Balkan Ethnography), Balkan border crossings, Berlin: Lit, p. 216, ISBN 9783643107930, OCLC 705271971, Bektashism was widespread during the reign of Ali Pasha, a Bektashi himself.

• ^ Gerlachlus Duijzings (2010), Religion and the Politics of Identity in Kosovo, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 82, ISBN 9780231120982, OCLC 43513230, The most illustrious among them was Ali Pasha (1740–1822), who exploited the organisation and religious doctrine. • ^ Stavro Skendi (1980), Balkan Cultural Studies, East European monographs, Boulder, p.

161, ISBN 9780914710660, OCLC 7058414, The great expandion of Bektashism in southern Albania took place during the time of Ali Pasha Tepelena, who is believed to have been a Bektashi himself • ^ H.T.Norris (2006), Popular Sufism in Eastern Europe: Sufi Brotherhoods and the Dialogue with Christianity and 'Heterodoxy'Routledge Sufi series, Routledge, p.

79, ISBN 9780203961223, OCLC 85481562. .and the tomb of Ali himself. Its headstone was capped by the crown (taj) of the Bektashi order. • ^ H.T.Norris (1993), Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World, University of South Carolina Press, pp. 73, 76, 162, ISBN 9780872499775, OCLC 28067651 • ^ Ruches, Pyrrhus J., ed. (1967). Albanian Historical Folksongs, 1716–1943: a survey of oral epic poetry from southern Albania, with original texts.

Chicago: Argonaut. p. 123. • ^ Tziovas, Dēmētrēs (2003). Greece and the Balkans: identities, perceptions and cultural encounters since the Enlightenment. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7546-0998-8. • ^ Merry, Bruce (2004).

Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-313-30813-0. Sources [ edit ] • "Ali Pasa Tepelenë." Encyclopædia Britannica (2005) • "Ali Pasha (1744? – 1822)". The Columbia Encyclopedia (2004).

• Clayer, Nathalie (2014). "Ali Paşa Tepedelenli". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. doi: 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23950. ISSN 1873-9830. • Ellingham et al. Rough Guide to Greece, (2000) • Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth. The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece.

Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-691-00194-4. • Koliopoulos, John S. (1987) Brigands with a Cause, Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece 1821–1912.

Clarendon Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-822863-5 • Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). Epirus: 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization. Ekdotike Athenon. ISBN 960-213-371-6. • S.

Aravantinos, Istoria Ali Pasa tou Tepelenli, [the history of Ali Pasha Tepelenli based on the unpublished texts by Panagiotis Arantinos] Athens 1895, (photographic reprint, Athens 1979). • Gr. Lars, I Albania kai I Epiros sta teli tou IG’ kai stis arches tou IH’ aion. Ta Dytikovalkanika Pasalikia tis Othomanikis Autokratorias [Albania and Epirus I the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the Ottoman Eyalets of Western Balkans, transl.

A. Dialla, publ. Gutenberg, Athens 1994, pp. 144–173. • G. Siorokas, I eksoteriki politiki tou Ali pasa ton Ioanninon. Apo to Tilsit sti Vienni [the internal affairs policy of Ali Pasha. From Tilsit to Vienna] (1807–1815), Ioannina, 1999.

• Skiotis, Dennis Dakin teli adalah, "From Bandit to Pasha: first steps in the rise to power of Ali of Tepelen, 1750–1784", International Journal of Middle East Studies 2: 3: 219–244 (July 1971) ( JSTOR) • Dim.

A. Zotos, I dikaiosyni eis to kratos tou Ali pasa [Justice in the state of Ali Pasha], Athens, 1938.

• Vaso D. Psimouli, Souli kai Souliotes, Athens 1998 • Ali Pasha Archives, 2007, I. Chotzi collection, Gennadius Library, Ed. – Cpmmentary – Index: V. Panagiotopoulos with collaboration of D. Dimitropoulou, P. Michailari, Vol. 4 • A. Papastavros, Ali Pasas, apo listarchos igemonas [Ali Pasha, from bandit to leader], publ. Apeirotan, 2013. • W. M. Leake, Travels in northern Greece, Α.Μ.Ηakkert-Publisher, (photographic reprint Amsterdam 1967). Vol. 1, pp. 295,Vol. 4, pp. 260 • I. Lampridis, “Malakasiaka”, Epirotika Meletimata [Epirote Studies] 5 (1888), publ.

2. Society for Epirote Studies. (EHM), Ioannina 1993, p. 25 • Ali Pasha Archives, I. Chotzi collection, Gennadius Library, Ed. – Commentary – Index: V. Panagiotopoulos with the collaboration of D. Dimitropoulou, P. Michailari, 2007, Vol. B’, pp. 672–674 (doc. 851), 676–677, (doc. 855), 806-807 (doc. 943). • G. Plataris, Kodikas Choras Metsovou ton eton 1708–1907 [Chora Metsovou Log of the years 1708–1907], Athens 1982, pp. 105, 120. • V. Skafidas, “Istoria tou Metsovou” [History of Metsovo], Epirotiki Estia 11/121, 122 (1962), p.

387. • M. Tritos, “Ta sozomena firmania ton pronomion tou Metsovou” [The surviving firmans about the privileges granted to Metsovo], Minutes of the 1st Conference of Metsovite Studies, Athens 1993, pp. 404. Further reading [ edit ] • Brøndsted, Peter Oluf, Interviews with Ali Pacha; edited by Jacob Isager(Athens, 1998) • Davenport, Richard, The Life of Ali Pasha, Late Vizier of Jannina; Surnamed Aslan, Or the Lion, (2nd ed, Relfe, London, 1822) • Dumas père, Alexandre, Ali Pacha, Celebrated Crimes • Fauriel, Claude Charles: Die Sulioten und ihre Kriege mit Ali Pascha von Janina, (Breslau, 1834) • Glenny, Misha The Balkans 1804–1999 Dakin teli adalah Books, London 1999.

• Jóka, Mór: Janicsárok végnapjai, Pest, 1854. (in English: Maurus Jókai: The Lion of Janina, translated by R. Nisbet Bain, 1897). [1] • Manzour, Ibrahim, Mémoires sur la Dakin teli adalah et l'Albanie pendant le gouvernement d'Ali Pacha, (Paris, 1827) • Plomer, William The Diamond of Jannina: Ali Pasha 1741–1822 (New York, Taplinger, 1970) • Pouqueville, François, Voyage en Morée, à Constantinople, en Albanie, et dans plusieurs autres parties de l'Empire Ottoman dakin teli adalah, 1805, 3 vol.

in-8°), translated in English, Dakin teli adalah, Greek, Italian, Swedish, etc. available on line at Gallica • Pouqueville, François, Travels in Epirus, Albania, Macedonia, and Thessaly (London: printed for Sir Richard Phillips and Co, 1820), an English denatured and truncated edition available on line • Pouqueville, François, Voyage en Grèce (Paris, 1820–1822, 5 vol.

in-8° ; 20 édit., 1826–1827, 6 vol. in-8°), his capital work • Pouqueville, François, Histoire de la régénération de la Grèce (Paris, 1824, 4 vol. in-8°), translated in many languages. French original edition available on Google books [2] • Pouqueville, François, Notice sur la fin tragique d’Ali-Tébélen (Paris 1822, in-8°) • Vaudoncourt, Guillaume de Memoirs on the Ionian Islands .

: including the life and character of Ali Pacha. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, 1816 • "Visualizing Ali Pasha Order: Relations, Networks and Scales". Stanford University. External links [ edit ] • Media related to Tepedelenli Ali Paşa at Wikimedia Commons • Albanian Renaissance • Armatoloi • Balkan Wars • Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars • Declaration of Independence • Janissary • Bashi-Bazouk • Devshirme • Mësonjëtorja • Nationalism • Albania • Kosovo • North Macedonia • Partition of Albania • Piracy • Principalities • Dukagjini • Kastrioti • Muzaka • Rum Millet • Skanderbeg myth • Dakin teli adalah • Stratioti • Vithkuqi script • Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) • Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca • Greek Plan of Catherine the Great • Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) • French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars • Fall of the Republic of Venice • Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands • Septinsular Republic • Greek Legion • Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands • Albanian Regiment • Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 • 1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry • United States of the Ionian Islands Ideas • António Figueira d'Almeida • Michail Komninos Afentoulief • Joseph Balestra • Lord Byron • François-René de Chateaubriand • Richard Church • Giuseppe Chiappe • Lord Cochrane • Vincenzo Gallina • Charles Fabvier • Thomas Gordon • Frank Abney Hastings • Carl von Heideck • Vasos Mavrovouniotis • Johann Jakob Meyer • Ellinika Chronika • Karl Normann • Maxime Raybaud • Giuseppe Rosaroll • Santorre di Santa Rosa • Friedrich Thiersch • Auguste Hilarion Touret • German Legion [ el] • Serbs • Olivier Voutier Moldavia and Wallachia ( Danubian Principalities) • Eugène Delacroix • Louis Dupré • Peter von Hess • Victor Hugo • François Pouqueville • Alexander Pushkin • Karl Krazeisen • Andreas Kalvos • Dionysios Solomos • Theodoros Vryzakis • Hellas • The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi • Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi • Le siège de Corinthe • The Massacre at Chios • The Free Besieged • Hymn to Liberty • The Archipelago on Fire • Loukis Laras • The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos Remembrance Hidden categories: • All articles with bare URLs for citations • Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022 • Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations • Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference • CS1 errors: missing periodical • CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro) • CS1 uses Greek-language script (el) • CS1 Greek-language sources (el) • Articles with short description • Short description is different from Wikidata • Use mdy dates from April 2012 • Articles containing Turkish-language text • Articles containing Albanian-language text • Articles containing Aromanian-language text • Articles containing Greek-language text • Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text • All articles with unsourced statements • Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016 • Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021 • Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2014 • Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011 • Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021 • Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013 • Commons link from Wikidata • Articles with ISNI identifiers • Articles with VIAF identifiers • Articles with WORLDCATID identifiers • Articles with BNF identifiers • Articles with GND identifiers • Articles with J9U identifiers • Articles with LCCN identifiers • Articles with NKC identifiers • Articles with NLG dakin teli adalah • Articles with NTA identifiers • Articles with PLWABN identifiers • Articles with DTBIO identifiers • Articles with FAST identifiers • Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers • Articles with SUDOC identifiers • Articles with TDVİA identifiers • العربية • Български • Bosanski • Català • Čeština • Cymraeg • Dansk • Deutsch • Ελληνικά • Español • Esperanto • فارسی • Français • Galego • 한국어 • Hrvatski • Italiano • עברית • Lietuvių • Magyar • Македонски • Nederlands • 日本語 • Polski • Português • Română • Русский • Shqip • Simple English • Slovenčina • Српски / srpski • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Svenska • Türkçe • Українська • 中文 Edit links • This page was last edited on 19 April 2022, at 23:36 (UTC).

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