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Biography The illegitimate son of a 25-year-old notary, Ser Piero, and a peasant girl, Caterina, Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy, just outside Florence. His father took custody of him vinci royal after his birth. Growing up in his father's Vinci home, Leonardo had access to scholarly texts owned by family and friends.

He was also exposed to Vinci's longstanding painting tradition, and when he was about 15 his father apprenticed him to the renowned workshop of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence. Even as an apprentice, Leonardo demonstrated his great talent.

Indeed, his genius seems to appear in a number of pieces produced by the Verrocchio's workshop from the period 1470 to 1475.

For example, one of Leonardo's first big breaks was to paint an angel in Verrochio's "Baptism of Christ," and Leonardo was so much better than his master's that Verrochio allegedly resolved never to paint again. Leonardo stayed in the Verrocchio workshop until 1477. Seeking to make a living, and new challenges, he entered the service of the Duke of Milan in 1482, abandoning his first commission vinci royal Florence, "The Adoration of the Magi".

He spent 17 years in Milan, leaving only after Duke Ludovico Sforza's fall from vinci royal in 1499. It was during these years that Leonardo reached new heights of scientific and artistic achievement.

The Duke kept Leonardo busy painting and sculpting and designing elaborate court festivals, but he also had Leonardo design weapons, buildings, and machinery. From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced studies on many subjects, including nature, flying machines, geometry, mechanics, municipal construction, canals and architecture (designing everything from churches to fortresses).

His studies from this period contain designs for advanced weapons, including a tank and other war vehicles, various combat devices, and even submarines. Also during this period, Leonardo produced his first anatomical studies. His Milan workshop was abuzz with apprentices and students. Unfortunately, Leonardo's interests were vinci royal broad, and he was so often compelled by new subjects, that he usually left projects unfinished.

As a result, he only completing about six works in these 17 years, including "The Last Supper" and "The Virgin on the Rocks," leaving dozens of paintings and projects unfinished or unrealized (see "Big Horse" in sidebar).

He spent most of his time studying science, either by going out into nature and observing things or by locking himself away in his workshop cutting up bodies or pondering universal truths. Between 1490 and 1495 he developed his habit of recording his studies in meticulously illustrated notebooks.

His work covered four main themes: painting, architecture, the elements of mechanics, and human anatomy. These studies and sketches were collected into various codices and manuscripts, which are now collected by museums and individuals (Bill Gates once paid $30 million for the Codex Leicester!).

Back to Milan — after Ludovico Sforza's fall from power in 1499 — Leonardo searched for a vinci royal patron. Over the next 16 years, Leonardo worked and traveled throughout Italy for a number of employers, including the infamous Cesare Borgia.

He traveled for a year with Borgia's army as a military engineer and even met Niccolo Machiavelli, author of "The Prince." Leonardo designed a bridge to span the "golden horn" in Constantinople during this period and received a commission, with the help of Machiavelli, to paint the "Battle of Anghiari." About 1503, Leonardo reportedly began work on the "Mona Lisa." From 1513 to 1516, he worked in Rome, maintaining a workshop and undertaking a variety of projects for the Pope.

He continued his studies of human anatomy and physiology, but the Pope forbade him from dissecting cadavers, limiting his progress. Following the death of his patron Giuliano de' Medici in March of 1516, he was offered the title of Premier Painter and Vinci royal and Architect of the King by Francis I in France. His last and perhaps most generous patron, Francis I provided Leonardo with a stipend and manor house near the royal chateau at Amboise.

Although suffering from a paralysis of the right hand, Leonardo (who wrote with his left-handed) was still able to draw and teach. He produced studies for the Virgin Mary from "The Virgin and Child with St.

Anne", studies of cats, horses, dragons, St. George, anatomical studies, studies on the nature of water, drawings of the Deluge, and of various machines.

Leonardo died on May 2, vinci royal in Cloux, France. Legend has it that King Francis was at his side when he died, cradling Leonardo's head in his arms. Clogs for women Besides our classic unisex models, many of Troentorp clogs and sandals are designed and made especially for women. In a wide selection of leathers, colors, and sizes to match any outfit and lifestyle, Troentorp’s women’s clogs guarantees stability and comfort.

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An exhibition dedicated to the universal genius of Leonardo Da Vinci, in the heart of Florence and with different traveling all over the world, the Museum of Leonardo da Vinci offers each visitor a unique experience where the sensory perception and knowledge of "Leonardo" marry, giving visitors the sensation to be immersed in a history of extraordinary relevance.

 A point of reference for visitors as educational, a tool cognitive complete, the museum Leonardo da Vinci in Florence contains the actual machine codes drawn from Leonardo.  An impressive and unusual work, executed with detail by the staff of the WMA World wide Museum Activities that have worked to achieve real machines, all running, large and made of special cases: The machines, which can never be defined only "models" are made entirely of wood and this has required the commitment of both sophisticated technology is of particular human skills.

 The museum is an exhibition cur well-studied in great detail where the interactivity of the machines plays key role. This exhibit allows children to operate the rotating crane model as well as other models of Da Vinci's inventions vinci royal half are roped off as display only). THE FIVE SECTIONS OF THE MUSEUM MECHANISMS From Leonardo's codexes the machine showing the principles: motion tranformation, loking system, flyweel, worm screw, ball bearer, eccentric cam, etc.

EARTH Many interactive machines: the printig machines, the revolving crane, the oil press, the automaton, the rolling mill, the odometer, the theatrical machine, the fantastic animal, etc. WATER Still vinci royal modern and in use today are the machines ispired to water: the vinci royal saw, the Archimedean scew, the water floats, the webbed glove.

AIR In this section: Leonardo's parachute, the hornithopters, the wing trial, the anemometer, and anemoscope, the hygrometer, the comedy bird, etc. FIRE Artillery machines were ispired by the Atlantic Codex. Among these the mortar fire and the machine gun. In this section: the armured tank, unique in the whole for its dimensions and fully interactive. Leonardo's Horse (also known as Gran Cavallo) is a sculpture that was commissioned of Leonardo da Vinci in 1482 by Duke of Milan Ludovico il Moro, but not completed.

It was intended to be the largest equestrian statue in the world, a monument to the duke's father Francesco. Leonardo did extensive preparatory work for it, but produced only a clay model, which was destroyed by French soldiers when they invaded Milan in 1499, interrupting the project. • Entertainment & Pop Culture • Geography & Travel • Health & Medicine • Lifestyles & Social Issues • Literature • Philosophy & Religion • Politics, Law & Government • Science • Sports & Recreation • Technology • Visual Arts • World Vinci royal • On This Day in History • Quizzes • Podcasts • Games • Dictionary • Biographies • Vinci royal • Top Questions • Week In Review • Infographics • Demystified • Lists • #WTFact • Companions • Image Galleries • Spotlight • The Forum • One Good Fact • Entertainment & Pop Culture • Geography & Travel • Health & Medicine • Lifestyles & Social Issues • Literature • Philosophy & Religion • Politics, Law & Government • Science • Sports & Recreation • Technology • Visual Arts • World History • Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.

• Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions. • #WTFact Videos Vinci royal #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find. • Vinci royal Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history. • Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions. • Buying Guide Expert buying advice. From tech to household and wellness products.

• Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more. • COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.

• 100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians. • Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning. Go ahead.

Ask. We won’t mind. • Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century. Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them!

• SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space! © Everett-Art/Shutterstock.com Five centuries after Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa (1503–19), the portrait hangs behind bulletproof glass within the Louvre Museum and draws thousands of jostling spectators each day.

It is the most famous painting in the world, and yet, when viewers manage to see the artwork up close, they are likely to be baffled by the small subdued portrait of an ordinary woman.

She’s dressed modestly in a translucent veil, dark robes, and no jewelry. Much has been said about her smile and gaze, but viewers still might wonder what all the fuss is about. Along with the mysteries of the sitter’s identity and her enigmatic look, vinci royal reason for vinci royal work’s popularity is one of its many conundrums.

Although many theories have attempted to pinpoint one reason for the art piece’s celebrity, the most compelling arguments insist that there is no one explanation. The Mona Lisa’s fame is the result of many chance circumstances combined with the painting’s inherent appeal. There is no doubt that the Mona Lisa is a very good painting.

It was highly regarded even as Leonardo worked on it, and his contemporaries copied the then novel three-quarter pose. The writer Giorgio Vasari later extolled Leonardo’s ability to closely imitate nature. Indeed, the Mona Lisa is a very realistic portrait. The subject’s softly sculptural face shows Leonardo’s skillful handling of sfumato, an artistic technique that uses subtle gradations of light and shadow to model form, and shows his understanding of the skull beneath the skin.

The delicately painted veil, the finely wrought tresses, and the careful rendering of folded fabric reveal Leonardo’s studied observations and inexhaustible patience. And, although the sitter’s steady gaze and restrained smile were not regarded as mysterious until the 19th century, viewers today can appreciate her equivocal expression. Leonardo painted a complex figure that is very much like a complicated human.

Many scholars, however, point out that the excellent quality of the Mona Lisa was not enough by itself to make the painting a celebrity. There are, after all, many good paintings. External events also contributed to the artwork’s fame.

That the painting’s home is the Louvre, one of the world’s most-visited museums, is vinci royal fortuitous circumstance that has added to the work’s stature.

It arrived at the Louvre via a circuitous path beginning with Francis Vinci royal, king of France, in whose court Leonardo spent the last vinci royal of his life. The painting became part of the royal collection, and, for centuries after, vinci royal portrait was secluded in French palaces until the Revolution claimed the royal collection as the property of the people. Following a stint in Napoleon’s bedroom, the Mona Lisa was installed in the Louvre Museum at the turn of the 19th century.

As patronage of the Louvre grew, so too did recognition of the painting. The identity of the portrait’s sitter soon became more intriguing. Although many scholars believe that the painting depicts Lisa Gherardini, wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco del Giocondo, no records of such a commission from Francesco exist, and the sitter has never been conclusively identified.

The unknown identity has thus lent the figure to whatever characterization people wanted to make of her. During the Romantic era of the 19th century, the simple Florentine housewife who may have been portrayed was transformed into a mysterious seductress. The French writer Théophile Gautier described her vinci royal a “strange being…her gaze promising unknown pleasures,” while others went on about her perfidious lips and enchanting smile.

The English author Walter Pater went so far as to call her a vampire who “has been dead many times, and learned the secrets of the grave.” The air of mystery that came to surround the Mona Lisa in the 19th century continues to define the painting and draw speculation.

Meanwhile, the 19th century also mythologized Leonardo as vinci royal genius. Throughout the centuries after his death, he was well regarded—but no more so than his esteemed contemporaries Michelangelo and Raphael. Some scholars have noted, however, that, as interest in the Renaissance grew in the 19th century, Leonardo became more popularly seen not only as a very good painter but also as a great scientist and inventor whose designs prefigured contemporary inventions.

Many of his so-called inventions were later debunked, and his contributions to science and architecture came to be seen as small, but the myth of Leonardo as a genius has continued well into the 21st century, contributing to the Mona Lisa’s popularity. The writers of the 19th century aroused interest in the Mona Lisa, but the theft of the painting in 1911 and the ensuing media frenzy brought it worldwide attention.

When news of the crime broke on August 22 of that year, it caused an immediate sensation. People flocked to the Louvre to gape at the empty space where the painting had once hung, the museum’s director of paintings resigned, accusations of a hoax splashed across newspapers, and Pablo Picasso was even arrested as a suspect! Two years later the painting was found in Italy after an art dealer in Florence alerted the local authorities that a man had contacted him about selling it.

The man was Vincenzo Peruggia, an Italian immigrant to France, who had briefly worked at the Louvre fitting glass on a selection of paintings, including the Mona Lisa. He and two other workers took the portrait from the wall, hid with it in a closet overnight, and ran off with it in the morning.

Unable to sell the painting because of the media attention, Peruggia hid it in the false bottom of a trunk until his capture. He was tried, convicted, and imprisoned for the theft while the painting toured Italy before it made its triumphant return to the Louvre.

By then, many French people had come to regard the work as a national treasure that they had lost and recovered. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Mona Lisa was certainly more famous after the heist, but World War I soon consumed much of the world's attention.

Some scholars argue that Marcel Duchamp’s playful defacement of a postcard reproduction in 1919 brought attention back to the Mona Lisa and started a trend that would make the painting one of the most-recognized in the world. He played against the worship of art when he drew a beard and mustache on vinci royal lady’s face and added the acronym L.H.O.O.Q.

(meant to evoke a vulgar phrase in French) at the bottom. That act of irreverence caused a small scandal, and other cunning artists recognized that such a gag would bring them attention. For decades after, other artists, notably Andy Warhol, followed suit. As artists distorted, vinci royal, and vinci royal with reproductions of the Mona Lisa, cartoonists and admen exaggerated her further still. Over the decades, as technology improved, the painting was endlessly reproduced, sometimes manipulated and sometimes not, so that the sitter’s face became one of the most well known in the world, even to those who had little interest in art.

A tour of the painting to the United States in 1963 and to Japan in 1974 elevated it to celebrity status. The Mona Lisa traveled to the United States in no less than a first-class cabin on an ocean liner and drew about 40,000 people a day to the Metropolitan Museum in New York City and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., during the portrait’s six-week stay.

Large crowds greeted the portrait in Japan about ten years later. What’s more, as travel has become increasingly affordable since the late 20th century, more and more individuals have been able vinci royal visit Paris and pay their vinci royal in person, contributing to the unyielding crowds of today.

Although the Mona Lisa is undoubtedly good art, there is no single reason for its celebrity. Rather, it is hundreds of circumstances—from its fortuitous arrival at the Louvre to the mythmaking of the 19th century to the endless reproductions of the 20th and 21st centuries—that have all worked together with the painting’s inherent appeal to make the Mona Lisa the world’s most famous painting ever.
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