Physical fitness adalah

Manfaat fitness tidak hanya sekadar untuk menurunkan atau menjaga berat badan tetap ideal. Olahraga ini juga dapat memberikan banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh dan bahkan kesehatan mental. Fitness merupakan olahraga yang banyak dilakukan oleh orang dewasa muda. Olahraga ini umumnya dilakukan di gym atau pusat kebugaran dan menggunakan berbagai jenis alat bantu olahraga. Banyak orang melakukan fitness dengan tujuan menurunkan berat badan.

Padahal, banyak manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dengan melakukan fitness secara rutin. Berbagai Manfaat Fitness untuk Kesehatan Tubuh Ada berbagai manfaat fitness yang bisa diperoleh bila Anda melakukannya secara rutin, antara lain: 1. Menjaga kesehatan tulang dan otot Berbagai gerakan dalam fitness, misalnya angkat beban atau latihan ketahanan, physical fitness adalah menjaga kekuatan tulang dan merangsang pembentukan otot, terlebih jika disertai dengan asupan protein yang memadai.

Hal ini karena tubuh akan melepaskan hormon yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan otot untuk menyerap asam amino saat Anda berolahraga. 2. Meningkatkan energi tubuh Tidak sedikit orang yang beranggapan bahwa olahraga dapat melelahkan, termasuk melakukan fitness. Padahal, justru sebaliknya. Olahraga dapat memicu tubuh untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak energi. Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa berolahraga secara rutin dapat meningkatkan energi, terutama bagi mereka yang sering kali physical fitness adalah lelah dan lemas.

3. Menjaga kesehatan kulit Fitness secara rutin dapat membuat kulit menjadi lebih sehat. Hal ini karena aktivitas fisik mampu membuat aliran oksigen dan darah mengalami peningkatan sehingga asupan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan kulit dapat tercukupi dengan baik. Selain itu, produksi kolagen juga akan mengalami peningkatan, sehingga kulit akan tampak merona dan terlihat lebih segar setelah olahraga. 4. Mencapai berat badan ideal Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa salah satu penyebab terjadinya obesitas adalah kurangnya aktivitas fisik atau olahraga.

Olahraga seperti fitness terbukti dapat meningkatkan laju metabolisme tubuh, sehingga dapat membakar lebih banyak kalori.

Hal ini tentunya berdampak pada penurunan berat badan. Selain itu, rutin berolahraga juga dapat memaksimalkan pembakaran lemak dari dalam tubuh dan menjaga massa otot. Dengan demikian, berat badan pun akan terjaga. 5. Mencegah depresi Manfaat fitness tidak hanya untuk kesehatan fisik saja, tetapi juga baik untuk kesehatan mental. Hal ini karena dengan melakukan latihan fisik, hormon serotonin yang terdapat di otak akan mengalami peningkatan.

Hormon serotonin adalah hormon yang mengelola suasana hati, termasuk mencegah depresi. Fitness secara rutin juga dapat meningkatkan produksi hormon endorfin yang membantu Anda merasa lebih bahagia dan mengurangi nyeri.

Dengan demikian, Anda pun dapat terhindar dari rasa cemas dan stres. 6. Mengurangi risiko terjadinya berbagai penyakit Aktivitas fisik seperti fitness yang dilakukan secara rutin mampu mengurangi risiko terkena berbagai penyakit kronis, seperti penyakit jantung koroner dan diabetes tipe 2.

Selain itu, rutin berolahraga juga dapat membantu tubuh melawan radikal bebas yang dapat memicu terjadinya kanker, seperti kanker usus besar dan kanker payudara. 7. Meningkatkan kualitas tidur Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa berolahraga selama 30 menit setiap harinya, dapat membuat tidur lebih nyenyak dan berkualitas.

Hal ini physical fitness adalah peningkatan suhu saat Anda berolahraga dapat memicu tubuh untuk menghasilkan senyawa kimia yang bisa meningkatkan dorongan tidur pada malam harinya. Manfaat tersebut tentu baik bagi Anda yang mengalami susah tidur atau physical fitness adalah lansia yang kerap mengalami gangguan tidur. Berbagai Pilihan Olahraga Fitness Olahraga fitness umumnya dilakukan di gym atau pusat kebugaran. Anda bisa memanfaatkan berbagai fasilitas yang tersedia untuk memaksimalkan manfaat fitness yang dapat Anda peroleh.

Misalnya, dengan mencoba latihan angkat beban atau mengikuti berbagai kelas olahraga seperti kelas yoga dan pilates yang dilakukan bersama dengan instruktur berpengalaman Namun, olahraga fitness juga dapat dilakukan di rumah. Berikut ini adalah beragam pilihan olahraga fitness yang dapat Anda lakukan: • Aerobik • Lari di treadmill • Sepeda statis • Renang • Angkat beban ringan menggunakan barbel, atau botol minum Meski menawarkan beragam manfaat untuk kesehatan fisik dan mental, fitness tentu harus dilakukan dengan benar.

Hal ini karena kesalahan dalam melakukan gerakan fitness dapat meningkatkan risiko cedera, terlebih jika Anda melakukan fitness physical fitness adalah tempat gym. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk melakukan pemanasan dan mengikuti instruksi yang diberikan oleh instrukstur agar Anda terhindar dari cedera dan bisa mendapatkan manfaat fitness secara maksimal. Ada baiknya juga bila Anda berkonsultasi dengan dokter terlebih dahulu mengenai keinginan Anda untuk melakukan fitness, terutama jika Anda memiliki kondisi kesehatan tertentu, seperti hipertensi, hipotensi, dan penyakit jantung.

Kebugaran fisik atau lazim disebut kesegaran jasmani… …yang mengandung makna kesanggupan dan kemampuan tubuh melakukan penyesuaian terhadap pembebanan fisik yang diberikan tanpa menimbulkan kelelahan yang berlebihan.

Ada beberapa komponen kesegaran jasmani baik yang terkait dengan kesehatan maupun yang terkait dengan keterampilan ( Welis, 2013). Secara harfiah, Arti dari kata dalam bahasa inggris, yakni Concrete Fettle ialah kecocokan fisik atau kesesuaian jasmani. Ini berarti… …ada sesuatu yang harus cocok dengan fisik atau jasmani itu.

Dengan demikian, Secara garis besar dapat dikatakan bahwa kebugaran jasmani ialah kecocokan keadaan fisik terhadap tugas yang harus dilaksanakan oleh fisik itu. Kebugaran jasmani bersifat relatif baik secara anatomis maupun fisiologis, artinya fit atau tidaknya seseorang… …selalu dalam hubungan dengan tugas fisik yang dilaksanakan.

Kebugaran jasmani adalah keadaan kemampuan jasmani yang dapat menyesuaikan fungsi alat-alat tubuhnya terhadap tugas jasmani tertentu dan/atau terhadap keadaan lingkungan yang harus diatasi dengan cara yang efisien. Tanpa kelelahan yang berlebihan dan telah pulih sempurna sebelum datang tugas yang sama pada keesokan harinya ( Giriwijoyo, 2004) Baca juga: Apa itu Treadmill?

Pengertian dan Cara Kerja Treadmill Mengutip dari Kamus Besar Bahasa Republic of indonesia (KBBI), Kebugaran jasmani merupakan aktivitas olahraga yang dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kekuatan otot, daya tahan kardiovaskular, dan kelenturan, yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan kebugaran fisik.

Dilansir dari situs Human being Kinetics, Kebugaran jasmani yang dalam Bahasa Inggris dikenal sebagai concrete fitness mengacu pada kemampuan tubuh untuk bekerja secara efisiensi dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Cara Memperoleh Kebugaran Jasmani Kebugaran jasmani bisa diperoleh dengan rutin melakukan berbagai plan latihan.

Ada tiga latihan utama dalam kebugaran jasmani, yakni: • Latihan meningkatkan kekuatan otot, • Latihan meningkatkan daya tahan kardiovaskular, dan • Latihan peningkatan kelenturan. Berikut penjelasannya: 1.) Latihan kekuatan dan daya tahan otot Kekuatan dan daya tahan otot sangatlah penting karena merupakan modal utama untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik. Berikut beberapa latihan yang bisa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan serta daya tahan otot, yang dilansir dari situs Healthline: a.) Plank Latihan ini dilakukan dengan cara: • Posisi tubuh tengkurap dan physical fitness adalah diluruskan ke belakang.

• Jari kaki menghadap ke lantai, serta lengan bawah yang menyentuh lantai dijadikan tumpuan berat badan. b.) Pushups Posisi tubuh saat melakukan pushupssama seperti plank, yakni posisi tengkurap.

Pushups dilakukan dengan cara: • Mengangkat badan ke atas menggunakan kekuatan tangan dan bukan lengan bawah. Latihan meningkatkan daya tahan kardiovaskular Kesehatan jantung dan paru-paru sangatlah penting.

Daya Tahan Kardiovaskuler adalah kemampuan physical fitness adalah dalam mempergunakan sistem jantung, paru-paru dan peredaran darahnya secara efektif dan efisien untuk menjalankan kerja secara terus menerus yang melibatkan kontraksi otot dengan intensitas tinggi dalam waktu yang cukup lama.

Berikut beberapa latihan yang bisa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan kardiovaskular, yang dikutip dari situs Physical fitness adalah a.) Run and bound Latihan ini dilakukan dengan cara: • Melakukan jalan di tempat. • Usahakan lutut diangkat setinggi mungkin dan lakukan secara bergantian. • Usahakan untuk melakukan latihan run and spring secara rutin selama thirty detik setiap harinya.

b.) Jumping jacks Latihan ini dilakukan dengan cara: • Melompat dan posisi tangan saat melompat diangkat ke atas kepala. • Lakukan latihan ini secara rutin selama physical fitness adalah detik setiap harinya. Buatlah program latihan kebugaran jasmani untuk meningkatkan daya tahan jantung-paru-peredaran darah dengan menggunakan aktivitas: • Lari lintas alam, • Lari interval preparation, • Lari jarak sedang-jauh atau aktivitas lainnya yang kalian suka.

Latihan meningkatkan kelenturan a.) Ankle mobility Latihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelenturan pergelangan kaki. Caranya adalah: • Lakukan latihan ini secraa rutin physical fitness adalah x kali setiap harinya. • Latihan ini dilakukan dengan memutar pergelangan serta tumit kaki. Caranya adalah dengan berdiri tegak di dekat dinding dan posisi tangan menempel di dinding. b.) Walking hip openers Pinggul merupakan bagian tubuh yang sangat penting untuk menjaga keseimbangan dan stabilitas tubuh.

Lakukan latihan ini secara rutin sebanyak x kali setiap harinya. Istilah Physical Fitness Sama Artinya Dengan Istilah Berikut Ini Kecuali Source: https://www.ob-fit.com/istilah-physical-fitness-sama-artinya-dengan/ Terbaru • Jelaskan Cara Mengubah Interval Nada D Mayor • Pembagian Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Di Perusahaan Peternakan • Cara Pasang Twrp Redmi Note 7 Tanpa Pc • Berikut Ini Cara Memperkecil Resiko Resiko Usaha Adalah • Contoh Membuat Pohon Akar Masalah Tentang Peternakan • Hack Wifi Wpa2 Psk Windows 7 Cmd • Makalah Pemanfaatan Limbah Untuk Pakan Ternak • Cara Membuat Mika Lampu Mobil Dari Akrilik • Cara Melihat Nomor Hp Orang Di Messenger Kategori • Aplikasi • Berkebun • Bisnis • Budidaya • Cara • News • Pelajaran • Serba-serbi • SIM Keliling • Soal • Ternak • Uncategorized
Sebelum menginjak tentang arti Kebugaran Jasmani, ada beberapa orang yang bertanya tanya, apa kebugaran jasmani itu??

terus apa bedanya sehat sama bugar? atas dasar itulah saya menuliskan artikel ini untuk mengabarkan pandangan anda tentang apa itu kebugaran jasmani. Yupz langsung saja mari kepokok bahasan kita, Fitness (kebugaran) secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai kemampuan fisik seseorang dalam melakukan kegiatan/kerja sehari-hari secara efisien tanpa timbul seatu kelelahan yang berarti.

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Physical fitness is simply defined as the capacity to perform physical work.

Energy is necessary to perform work and sustain life and is extracted aerobically and anaerobically. Evaluation of aerobic fitness is based on the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max), either directly or indirectly. Direct assessment of Vo2 max is usually determined by a graded exercise test using open circuit spirometry.

Indirect assessments of Vo2 max use standardized exercise protocols. Such protocols can also be used to estimate Vo2 max with the subject exercising at submaximal heart rate levels. These estimates are based on the linear relationship between exercise heart rate and O2 consumption. Walking and step tests that allow an estimate of fitness based on exercise and recovery heart rate responses are also available.

Evaluation of anaerobic power consists of 30 to 120 seconds of high-intensity effort on a cycle ergometer, known as the Wingate test. Muscular strength is assessed by a maximum effort against the greatest resistance one can move through the full range of motion once, known as the 1-repetition maximum. Muscular endurance is assessed by tests requiring more than 12 repetitions, or the maximum number of push-ups or sit-ups one can execute without rest. . Asupan gizi yang baik dan cukup kalsium berperan untuk mengurangi tingkat kelelahan, menurunkan risiko cedera olahraga, dan meningkatkan kesehatan olahragawan (1)(2)(3).

Kebugaran fisik olahragawan dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik sekitar 40% sedangkan sisanya 60% dipengaruhi oleh latihan fisik teratur dan konsumsi gizi yang sehat dan seimbang (4)(5) (6).

Penelitian mengenai pengaruh konsumsi susu terhadap performa atlet masih terbatas. Namun, studi sistematik review menyatakan bahwa kandungan protein, karbohidrat, kalsium, dan unsur gizi lainnya menyebabkan kadar asam amino serum meningkat sehingga membantu proses pemulihan otot akibat olahraga sehingga susu sapi dapat meningkatkan performa atlet (7). Susu kambing juga mengandung vitamin B diantaranya riboflavin yang berfungsi sebagai pembangkit energi di otot (11). Susu kambing berperan dalam kontrol tekanan darah karena adanya physical fitness adalah angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) dan juga tingginya kadar kalium sehingga konsumsi susu kambing dapat menurunkan tekanan darah dan memperbaiki fungsi jantung (6,11,17).

Susu kambing mengandung sekitar 181 mg/100g yang lebih tinggi dari kandungan kalium pada susu sapi yaitu sebesar 152 mg/100g (20). Konsumsi susu kambing juga dikaitkan dengan peningkatan berat badan pada non-olahragawan, tetapi belum ada bukti ilmiah pengaruhnya terhadap berat badan dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pada olahragawan.

Kebugaran fisik (physical fitness) adalah sejumlah komponen atau atribut fisik yang dicapai atau dimiliki seseorang yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan orang untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik tanpa kelelahan dan aman (6). Konsumsi susu kambing meningkatkan kecepatan pada pesenam karena kandungan energi pada susu kambing (70 kcal) lebih tinggi dari susu sapi (69 kcal) (39).

. Changes in anthropometry, blood calcium, blood pressure, and physical fitness due to goat's milk intake in athletesBackground: The intake of healthy-balanced nutrition is needed by athletes. The complex nutritional content of goat milk such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral acts as sports nutrition during and after training. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of goat milk on physical fitness, anthropometrics, blood calcium, and blood pressure in athletes.

Methods: A clinical trial was conducted using healthy human subjects. Subjects were runners (n=10 people) as the control group and gymnasts (n=19 people) as the treatment group, male, age 21-27 years, and healthy.

Bodyweight (BW), Height, and Body Mass Index (BMI), blood calcium, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and physical fitness were examined two times, before and after consuming goat milk. Intervention: fresh goat milk, 250 mg/day (after dinner), and given for 90 days. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was no difference between BW (p=0.07), BMI (p=0.08), and DBP (p=0.24), but instead there was a significant difference in SBP (p=0.00) before and after goat milk intervention in the experimental group.

Blood calcium was significantly increased (p=0.00) in the intervention group, whereas reverse decreased significantly (p=0.02) in controls. A significant difference before and after therapy was found in speed (p=0.00), arm muscle endurance (p=0.01), an-aerobic endurance (p=0.00), agility (p=0.02), however, there was no significant difference between leg muscle power (p=0.13), flexibility (p=0.23), an endurance of abdominal muscles (p=0.26), VO2 max (p=1.15) in the intervention group.

Conclusions: Regular consumption of goat milk can reduce SBP, increase blood physical fitness adalah levels, and improve physical fitness (speed, arm muscle endurance, anaerobic endurance, and agility) in athletes. Goat milk is an essential role in sports nutrition for physical fitness and athlete's health. . populations are available [1] [2][3][4][5], but none of those literatures provides any comprehensive analysis on the relationship of PFI with different physical parameters (e.g., body weight, body height and BSA).

Furthermore, attempt to establish prediction norms of PFI from physical parameters in Indian subjects are also unavailable. . The study assess to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (expressed in terms of Physical Fitness Index or PFI) and physical parameters and also to establish suitable norms for predicting PFI from physical parameters in young sedentary Indians.

110 students between 20 to 24 years of age were randomly sampled from the Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, India. They were subdivided into "study group" (N=70) and "control group" (N=40). PFI was determined by modified Harvard step test (HST). Significant correlation of PFI with body weight (r=0.59), body height (r=0.73) and body surface area or BSA (r=0.71) depicted the following prediction norms for PFI: PFI=1.50×Body weight-21.96, (r = 0.59, P<0.001, SEE = 5.61) PFI=1.30×Body height-151.57, (r = 0.73, P<0.001, SEE = 4.75) PFI=82.24×BSA-70.16 (r = 0.71, P<0.001, SEE = 4.79) PFI= 0.80× Body Height + 40.54× BSA -135.13 (R=0.72, R2=0.52, P<0.001, SEE =4.52) Among these norms, prediction of PFI from body height was considered as the most valid and reliable one because of the highest value of correlation coefficient between body height and PFI, as well as for the minimum standard error of estimate (4.75).

The simple equation established from body height is therefore recommended as the most reliable and valid to predict PFI in the young sedentary Indian males; and multiple regression equation is also recommended for cross-checking the value.

. To be physically fit is to be able to perform physical tasks, that is to generate the force required to displace an object at a certain distance. 106 In physics, this is called work, and work in humans requires muscular involvement. 106 Which makes muscular development the fulcrum of physical fitness. . The fundamental crux of disease is weakness. The solution is strength - in mind and in body. The solution has always been strength, and it has stared the medical profession in the eye for decades.

It is only a rigid traditionalism and the unexpressed fear of leaving the beaten path and forging a new way ahead that has maintained the status quo for such a long time. If there was ever an opportunity to take decisive action it is now.

We face an unknown enemy which preferentially preys on the weak and debilitated. There might be a learning curve to getting to know this enemy and taking the battle to him. No such learning curve is staring us down when it comes to strengthening the weak. The research has been done and the methods are available and ready to implement. Physical fitness adalah situation we face compels us to look to a functional approach in healthcare and focus on resolving chronic disease for the long-term, as opposed to short-term damage control and a resignation to a lifetime of medication punctuated with the occasional surgical intervention.

. Performance on exercise tolerance testing with either treadmill or cycle ergometers in laboratory settings or field-based tests (e.g., shuttle run, walking tests, step tests) are typically used to estimate CRF [3, 36].

Static and dynamic MST can be measured using tests that elicit isometric, concentric, eccentric, or isokinetic contractions involving various laboratory and field-based protocols (e.g., bodyweight exercises, resistance machines, free weights, dynamometers, force plates) [3,16,[36][37][38]. Performance on exercise tolerance testing with either treadmill or cycle ergometers in laboratory settings or field-based tests (e.g., physical fitness adalah run, walking tests, step tests) are typically used to estimate CRF [3,36].

Static and dynamic MST can be measured using tests that elicit isometric, concentric, eccentric, or isokinetic contractions involving various laboratory and field-based protocols (e.g., bodyweight exercises, resistance machines, free weights, dynamometers, force plates) [3,16, [36][37][38]. Flexibility is often assessed using goniometry [25], observer visual rating of range of motion [39], sitand-reach distance [25], or other tests of functional mobility [3,39]. . There are many health benefits of regular physical activity and improving physical fitness levels can reduce the risk of chronic disease.

Accumulating evidence suggests the neighborhood built environment is important for supporting physical activity; however, few studies have investigated the contribution of the neighborhood built environment to fitness levels. We examined the associations between objectively-determined and self-reported neighborhood walkability and overall and specific components of perceived health-related fitness (cardiorespiratory, muscular strength, and flexibility) in a random sample of 592 adults from two areas of Calgary (Canada).

Participants provided complete data to an online questionnaire capturing perceived cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength (MST), flexibility, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), resistance training, and sociodemographic characteristics. The questionnaire also captured participant’s perceptions of their neighborhood’s walkability (Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale; PANES) and the physical activity supportiveness of neighborhood parks (Park Perceptions Index; PPI).

Objectively-measured neighborhood walkability was estimated using Walk Score®. The average (SD) age of participants was 46.6 (14.8) years and 67.2% were female. Participants, on average, participated in at least 30-minutes of MVPA on 3.4 (2.1) days/week and undertook resistance training 2.0 (1.8) days/week.

Adjusting for covariates, Walk Score® was not associated with any fitness outcomes. Adjusting for covariates, the PANES index was positively associated (p < 0.05) with CRF, MST, flexibility, and overall fitness and the PPI was positively associated (p < 0.05) with all fitness outcomes except MST. Our findings provide novel preliminary evidence suggesting the neighborhood built physical fitness adalah may be important for supporting higher health-related fitness levels in adults.

. 32,33 Physical fitness Physical physical fitness adalah was assessed using an electrically braked bicycle ergometer, which has been widely used to study physical working capacity during a short, graded exercise test. 34 After a normal resting electrocardiography, the men continued with the maximal work test with gradually increasing resistance until one had to discontinue due to exhaustion. 35 The maximum load that the men could sustain for 6 minutes was estimated as a measure of physical fitness.

. Physical fitness adalah A parental cancer diagnosis is a stressful life event, potentially leading to increased risks of mental and physical problems among children. This study aimed to investigate the associations of parental cancer with IQ, stress resilience, and physical fitness of the affected men during early adulthood. Materials and methods In this Swedish population-based study, we included 465,249 men born during 1973–1983 who underwent the military conscription examination around the age of 18 years.

We identified cancer diagnoses among the parents of these men from the Cancer Register. IQ, stress resilience, and physical fitness of the men were assessed at the time of conscription and categorized into three levels: low, moderate, and high (reference category). We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the studied associations.

Results Overall, parental cancer was associated with higher risks of low stress resilience (relative risk ratio [RRR]: 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.15]) and low physical fitness (RRR: 1.12 [95% CI 1.05–1.19]). Stronger associations were observed for parental cancer with a poor expected prognosis (low stress resilience: RRR: 1.59 [95% CI 1.31–1.94]; low physical fitness: RRR: 1.45 [95% CI 1.14–1.85]) and for parental death after cancer diagnosis (low stress resilience: RRR: 1.29 [95% CI 1.16–1.43]; low physical fitness: RRR: 1.40 [95% CI 1.23–1.59]).

Although there was no overall association between parental cancer and IQ, parental death after cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of low IQ (RRR: 1.11 [95% CI 1.01–1.24]). Conclusion Parental cancer, particularly severe and fatal type, is associated with higher risks of low stress resilience and low physical fitness among men during early adulthood.

Men who experienced parental death after cancer diagnosis also have a higher risk of low IQ. TITLE: QUESTIONNAIRE BASED QUANTIFICATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN COLOMBIAN CHILDREN (QAPACE): APPLICATION TO SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE CITY OF BOGOTA SUMMARY: Objectives: The first statement was to determine the amount of physical activity expressed in expenditure weighted average day of a year (DEEmY) energy during the school year and holidays (kJ.kg-1.day-1) in terms of equivalence caloric and metabolic cost of activities most commonly performed by young people.

The second statement was that of defining the relationship between the DEEmY vs age, gender, socioeconomic level (SEL), height, body weight, body surface (BS), the Body Mass Index (BMI), biological physical fitness adalah (Tanner), body composition, somatotype and fitness (EUROFIT).

Methods: This descriptive study developed five different phases: the first phase: it was the training of researchers, the second phase: understanding and final questionnaire editing QAPACE, in the third phase: feasibility and reproducibility of QAPACE in the fourth stage: it was the validation study by direct VO2max (36 subjects) by ergospirometry and indirect through the test Leger and the fifth phase cycle was developed in 1840 with the general study subjects.

The questionnaire was developed by 13 categories. For reproducibility and validation of the test-retest method and comparison of arithmetic by the method of Bland-Altman, Pearson correlation was applied. The data is stored in Visual Fox Pro 6.0 physical fitness adalah analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical program IBM. Means were compared using multivariate linear model applying tipe II. The values used as fixed variables: gender (male and female), age (8-16 years) and three SEL (six strata: 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6); as dependent variables were evaluated: height, weight, leisure time, expressed in hours/day and daily energy expenditure DEE (Kj.kg- 1.day-1) during leisure time (DEE-LT) during the time school (DEE-ST) during the holidays (DEE-VT), and DEE total mean year (DEEmTY).

For a post-hoc analysis was used the minimum significant difference (MSD) with fixed factors, interaction factors descriptive statistics, tests of homogeneity with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The questionnaire was correct understanding of the reproducibility intra-class correlation was r = 0.96 (CI 0.95-0.97), the validity of the direct and indirect VO2 was 0.76 (0.66) (p <0.01) and for general study quantifying the average of the DEE of 1840 subjects was 167.98 ± 37.30; for boys (n = 904), absolute value: 6.83 MJ/day, relative: 170.41 ± 39.92 and for girls (n = 936): 6.59 MJ/day (p <0.001) 165.64 ± 34.26 (kJ.kg- 1.day-1) (p <0.01). The DEE physical fitness adalah the school holiday period and was 158.43 ± 42.99 and 199.44 ± 18.55 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for boys and girls respectively.

The DEE during free time was of 59.86 ± 44.16 for males and 53.81 ± 37.11 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for girls Conclusions: On the basis of good reproducibility and validity of the questionnaire QAPACE applied to students in the larger study, the Physical fitness adalah (kJ/kg/day) with total body weight or lean weight was less compared to of other studies giving results for 51% of boys and 61% of inactive girls. Boys were more active than girls in the post pubertal group (p <0.01).

As for the time spent watching TV, it was 4.2 hours/day, and the most popular sports was soccer, cycling, and walking for boys and walking, cycling and skating for girls. Keywords: Questionnaire, Reproductibility, Validity, Physical Activity physical fitness adalah, Children and Adolescents, Energy expenditure (DE) Objectives The first statement was to determine the amount of physical activity expressed in expenditure weightedaverage day of a year (DEEmY) energy during the school year and holidays (kJ.kg-1.day-1) in terms ofequivalence caloric and metabolic cost of activities most commonly performed by young people.

Thesecond statement physical fitness adalah that of defining the relationship between the DEEmY vs age, gender,socioeconomic level (SEL), physical fitness adalah, body weight, body surface (BS), the Body Mass Index (BMI),biological age (Tanner), body composition, somatotype and fitness (EUROFIT).Methods This descriptive study developed five different phases: the first phase: it was the training of researchers,the second phase: understanding and final questionnaire editing QAPACE, in the third phase: feasibilityand reproducibility of QAPACE in the fourth stage: it was the validation study by direct VO2max (36subjects) by ergospirometry and indirect through the test Leger and the fifth phase cycle was developedin 1840 with the general study subjects.

The questionnaire was developed by 13 categories. Forreproducibility and validation of the test-Retest method and comparison of arithmetic by the method ofBland-Altman, Pearson correlation was applied. The data is stored in Visual Fox Pro 6.0 and analyzedusing SPSS 21 statistical program IBM. Means were compared using multivariate linear model applyingtipe II.The values used as fixed variables: gender (male and female), age (8-16 years) and three SEL (six strata:1-2, 3-4 and 5-6); as dependent variables were evaluated: height, weight, leisure time, expressed inhours/day and daily energy expenditure DEE (Kj.kg-1.day-1) during leisure time (DEE-LT) during thetime school (DEE-ST) during the holidays (DEE-VT), and DEE total mean year (DEEmTY).For a post-Hoc analysis was used the minimum significant difference (MSD) with fixed factors,interaction factors descriptive statistics, tests of homogeneity with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe questionnaire was correct understanding of the reproducibility intra-Class correlation was r = 0.96(CI 0.95-0.97), the validity of the direct and indirect VO2 was 0.76 (0.66) (p <0.01) and for generalstudy quantifying the average of the DEE of 1840 subjects was 167.98 physical fitness adalah 37.30; for boys (n = 904),absolute value: 6.83 MJ/day, relative: 170.41 ± 39.92 and for girls (n = 936): 6.59 MJ/day (p <0.001)165.64 ± 34.26 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01).

The DEE to the school holiday period and was 158.43 ± 42.99and 199.44 ± 18.55 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for boys and girls respectively. The DEE during free timewas of 59.86 ± 44.16 for males and 53.81 ± 37.11 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for girlsConclusions On the basis of good reproducibility and validity of the questionnaire QAPACE applied to students inthe larger study, the DEE (kJ/kg/day) with total body physical fitness adalah or lean weight was less compared to ofother studies giving results for 51% of boys and 61% of inactive girls.

Boys were more active than girlsin the post pubertal group (p <0.01). As for the time spent watching TV, it was 4.2 hours/day, and themost popular sports was soccer, cycling, and walking for boys and walking, cycling and skating for We would physical fitness adalah to genuinely thank the authors for sharing their expertise, their patience with the review process, and for their willingness to contribute to this special issue.

Finally, we would also like to extend appreciation to the publishers for this opportunity to contribute to our understanding of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Outcome after surgery is dependent on both controllable factors, such as the medical care received before, during, and after surgery, as well as fixed factors, such as the patient’s physiological ability to tolerate surgical trauma.

It is estimated that around 234.2 million surgical procedures are undertaken annually worldwide [1]. In the U.K., more than four million surgical procedures are performed annually, 12.3% of which are performed on patients classified as “high-risk” (expected mortality of >5%).

This group accounted for the majority of postoperative mortality (83.4%), and had a significantly longer hospital stay [2]. Large audits in the U.K. reveal 30-day mortality rates of 2.1% for elective colonic cancer surgery [3], 4.1% for elective open aortic surgery [4], 1.7% for esophagectomy, 1.1% for elective gastrectomy [5], and 9.2% for emergency colorectal surgery [3]. Preoperative surgical risk assessment Preoperative identification of patients unable to withstand trauma from major surgery should be a priority.

Accurate risk assessment permits modification of preoperative status, optimization of intra- and postoperative management, and enhances shared decision making [6].

Current approaches to risk prediction include clinical acumen, clinical prediction scores (e.g. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical score, Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), colorectal-POSSUM) [7–9], plasma biomarkers [10], measures of cardiac function [11,12], six-minute walk tests [13], and shuttle walk tests [14–16], but their effectiveness in predicting surgical morbidity is not well established [17–19].

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been used extensively for risk assessment prior to major thoracic or abdominal surgery. While this technique needs further validation in various clinical settings, we believe it is rapidly becoming the gold-standard assessment for patients’ physical fitness in the preoperative setting.

In order to quantify genetic and environmental determinants of physical activity level, 1,610 subjects from 375 families who lived in the greater Québec city area completed a three-day activity record in 1978–1981.

Level of habitual physical activity, which includes all the usual activities of life, and exercise participation, which includes activities requiring at least five times the resting oxygen consumption and more, were derived from this record. Familial correlations were computed in several pairs of biologic relatives and relatives by adoption after adjustment for the effects of age, sex, physical fitness, body mass index, and physical fitness adalah status, and analyzed with a model of path analysis that allows the separation of the transmissible effect between generations (t²) into genetic (h²) and cultural (b²) components of inheritance.

The transmission was found to be statistically significant, but was accounted for by genetic factors for level of habitual physical activity (t² = h² = 29%), and by cultural factors for exercise participation (t² = b² = 12%). Although non-transmissible environmental factors remain the major determinants of these two physical activity indicators in this population, the results suggest that children can acquire from their parents certain customs regarding exercise behavior and that the propensity toward being spontaneously active could be partly influenced by the genotype.

On the basis of physical fitness adalah multitude of studies performed over the last 20 years, many recommendations could be made concerning optimizing the yield and reliability of information from the exercise test for patients with angina.

Many of these suggestions, however, have escaped application to clinical pharmaceutical trials. The strength of conclusions made in regard to drug efficacy are only as valuable as the quality of the performance of the exercise test. The following are recommendations for optimizing exercise testing when studying pharmacological therapy for patients with angina: 1.

Only patients who exhibit a stable, reproducible chest pain response to exercise are appropriate for such studies. Several preliminary tests are required to determine the appropriateness of a given patient, and a 10% reproducibility criteria should be used.

The premises upon which simple methods for estimating an individual's maximum oxygen intake are based have boon tested. These premises are :(a) that heart rate and oxygen intake are linear functions of each other throughout the entire range of work up physical fitness adalah the individual's maximum ;(b) that oxygen intake of the individual deviates very little from the mean straight line relating oxygon intake and rate of work for the population, so that the oxygon intake for a task performed against gravity can be estimated with reasonable precision from the rate of work ; and(c) that the individual variability of maximum heart rate round the mean for the population is sufficiently small to use the moan in a routine test procedure without the introduction of largo errors.Premises (b) and (c) are fully substantiated by the results reported here, Premise (a) is not strictly valid, as there is a bias of the order of 03 1.

oxygon/min in the straight line relating heart rate and oxygen intake at high levels of work in most individuals.The errors involved in the method proposed by Åstrand (1954) based on these premises have been examined and compared with those of an alternative procedure described in the present paper. The variance of maximum oxygen intake using the Astrand method, duo to errors in measurement of heart rate alone, is of the order 0·53, compared with 0·26 of the procedure described in this paper.

In addition, one measurement only of heart rate in the Åstrand method introduces a bias of about 0·3 1. oxygen/min in the estimate of an individual maximum oxygon capacity of 3·0 l/min.

The variance of maximum oxygen intake by the present method can be reduced by fitting a straight line by least squares to plots of four pairs of heart rate and oxygen intake values at four rates of work. Promotion of physical fitness and an active lifestyle is critical during the formative adolescent years. This study investigated the effect of a school-based, alternative physical education program of walking training on the aerobic fitness of sedentary, predominantly obese teenagers.

The subjects trained three days a week for 11 weeks at an average pace of 3.9 mph and heart rate of 151 beats per . [Show full abstract] minute (79.6% of maximum). Physiologic responses during maximal treadmill testing before and after walking training were compared to those during a 3-month control period preceding the program.

Weight-relative maximal oxygen uptake improved 9.9 percent (p less than .05), while treadmill endurance time increased by two minutes (23 percent, p less than .05).

These findings indicate that small but significant improvements in aerobic function can be expected from walking training in sedentary adolescents. Read more The purpose of this study was to identify the physical fitness variables that best predict Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance. Thirty-five male experienced judo athletes took part in this study.

All athletes performed 5 tests: upper- and lower-body cycle ergometer graded exercise tests; upper- and lower-body Wingate tests; and SJFT. The peak oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot .

[Show full abstract] Above]O2peak), maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximum aerobic power, and the variables corresponding to onset blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) were determined during the graded exercise tests. For the Wingate tests, peak power (PP) and mean power were used. Furthermore, the total number of throws, heart rate (HR) immediately and 1 minute after, and SJFT index were calculated. Four separated forward multiple linear regressions (forward model) were used to identify the physical fitness variables that best explained the SJFT variables.

Upper-body V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak (ml·min−1·kg−1) explained 27% of variance in the total number of throws, whereas an additional 7% was explained by upper-body PP. Upper-body HRmax explained 46% of the variance in the HR immediately after the SJFT, whereas lower-body HR at OBLA accounted for an additional 8%. Lower-body HRmax explained 21% of the variance in the HR 1 minute after the SJFT, whereas peak lactate ([La−]peak) after the lower-body graded exercise test accounted for an additional 12%.

Upper-body V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak (ml·min−1·kg−1) alone accounted for 15% of the variance in the SJFT index. Based on these results, the data suggest that physical fitness variables, derived from upper- and lower-body aerobic and anaerobic tests, have a small ability to predict the SJFT variables. Physical fitness adalah more This study examined the effect of aerobic capacity on performance, fatigue, and heart rate recovery following high-intensity anaerobic exercise in national-level basketball players.

Twenty subjects (19.0 ± 1.7 years, 88.4 ± 8.0 kg, 194.2 ± 6.0 cm, 50.2 ± 3.8 ml·kg·min-1) participated in this investigation. Each subject performed a treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), a . [Show full abstract] Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT), and a field test of anaerobic power common to basketball players (line drill).

The line drill is a continuous 143-m sprint with several changes of direction. The line drill was performed 3 times (T1, T2, and T3) with a 2-minute passive rest between each sprint. A moderate correlation was seen between Vo2max and mean power of the WAnT (r = 0.57). However, no significant relationship was observed physical fitness adalah Vo2max and the fatigue index in either the WAnT (r = -0.23) or line drill (r = 0.01).

Little to no correlation was observed between Vo2max and heart rate recovery in the WAnT (r = -0.22) and line drill (r = -0.04, r = -0.19, and r = -0.30 in T1, T2, and T3, respectively). These results showed little to no relationship between aerobic capacity and recovery indices from high-intensity exercise in basketball players. Read more Nine male subjects took part in a comparative evaluation of four indirect tests commonly used for predicting maximum aerobic power (VO2 max).

In three of these tests (involving cycling, physical fitness adalah and walking) Physical fitness adalah max was predicted from submaximal heart rates; in the fourth, VO2 max was predicted from the time taken to run 2 km. Additionally, VO2 max was predicted from the body fat content. All . [Show full abstract] predicted values were compared with the VO2 max determined directly on a treadmill. The best estimates of VO2 max were provided by the timed run, and by the step test.

Both heart rate measured during walking and body fat content proved totally inadequate for the reliable prediction of VO2 max. Taking into account such factors as cost, safety, and the time required for testing, it is concluded that the timed run is the submaximal test most suited to the indirect determination of VO2 max.

Read more
Menurut David C. Nieman, physical fitness adalah kemampuan untuk melakukan tugas sehari2 dengan kekuatan dan kesiapan yang baik tanpa mengalami kelelahan yang berarti dan masih memiliki cukup energi untuk melakukan aktivitas. Menurut Dr. Djunaedi, physical fitness adalah kondisi fisik seseorang dalam melakukan tugas sehari2 secara efisien dalam waktu yang relatif lama tanpa mengalami kelelahan yang berarti dan masih memiliki cadangan tenaga untuk melakukan aktivitas lainnya.

Physical fitness adalah fitness = kesegaran jasmani yaitu kemam-puan tubuh seseorang untuk melakukan tugas/pe-kerjaan sehari2 tanpa menimbulkan kelelahan yang berarti (Drs. Amrun Bustaman). Untuk mencapai physical fitness adalah kesegaran jasmani yang pri-ma maka seseorang perlu melakukan latihan fisik yang melibatkan komponen kesegaran jasmani dengan metode/teknik yang benar.

Manfaat physical fitness adalah : – Untuk membantu menghindari penyakit2 hipokinetik, seperti penyakit jantung, hipertensi, diabetes, dan lain2. – Untuk membentuk kapasitas mental yang baik. – Untuk merasakan hidup yang baik, energik, dan terasa ringan. Kesegaran jasmani (physical fitness) terdiri atas : – Kesegaran jasmani yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan (Health Related Fitness) – Kesegaran jasmani yang berhubungan dengan keterampilan motorik (Skill Related Fitness) HEALTH RELATED FITNESS Health Related Fitness terdiri atas : 1.

Daya tahan jantung-paru (cardiorespiratory endurance) 2. Komposisi tubuh 3. Muskuloskeletal fitness yang terdiri atas : – Fleksibiltas – Kekuatan otot (strength) – Daya tahan otot (muscle endurance) Kelima komponen diatas saling berhubungan satu sama lain dan dapat diukur secara terpisah. Latihan2 spesifik dapat diaplikasikan untuk mening-katkan setiap komponen diatas.

Daya Tahan Jantung-Paru Daya tahan jantung-paru merupakan komponen yang paling penting dari Health Related Fitness. Daya tahan jantung paru adalah kemampuan tubuh melakukan aktivitas/tugas sehari2 secara terus me-nerus yang melibatkan group otot besar dalam jang-ka waktu yang lama. Daya tahan jantung paru adalah kemampuan sistem sirkulasi dan respirasi untuk beradaptasi terhadap efek latihan seluruh tubuh atau kerja dan pulih kem-bali.

Level tinggi dari daya tahan jantung paru mengindi-kasikan kapasitas kerja fisik yang physical fitness adalah, yaitu ke-mampuan untuk melepaskan jumlah energi yang re-latif tinggi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Komponen ini menggambarkan kemampuan dan ke-sanggupan physical fitness adalah kerja secara aerobik Dr.

Kenneth H. Cooper memperkenalkan istilah “aerobik” yang merupakan istilah lain dari daya ta-han jantung-paru. Aerobik adalah beragam latihan yang dapat merang-sang aktivitas jantung dan paru dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama untuk menghasilkan perubahan yang bermanfaat dalam tubuh.

Berlari, berenang, bersepeda, dan jogging merupa-kan jenis latihan aerobik. Komposisi Tubuh Komposisi tubuh adalah jumlah relatif dari lemak tubuh dan jaringan tubuh yang tidak berlemak, atau massa yang bebas lemak (otot, tulang, air).

Secara sederhana, berat badan terdiri atas 2 kom-ponen yaitu berat lemak (berat jaringan lemak), dan berat jaringan bebas lemak (berat sisa dari jaringan tak berlemak). Komposisi tubuh berhubungan dengan pendistribu-sian otot dan lemak diseluruh tubuh Obesitas merupakan akumulasi berat lemak yang berlebihan. Kelebihan lemak tubuh dapat meningkatkan resiko untuk menderita berbagai penyakit.

Dalam olahraga, obesitas dapat memperburuk aksi/ kinerja atlit karena tidak memberikan tenaga (gaya) tambahan tetapi memberikan beban/tahanan tamba-han sehingga diperlukan energi tambahan untuk menggerakkan tubuh. Fleksibilitas Fleksibilitas adalah kapasitas fungsional dari sendi2 yang bergerak melalui full ROM (David C. Nieman).

Otot, ligamen, dan tendon sangat menentukan besarnya gerakan pada setiap sendi. Fleksibilitas adalah kemampuan gerak maksimal sua-tu persendian (Drs. Amrum Bustaman). Fleksibilitas merupakan komponen yang penting dalam olahraga untuk mencapai performa maksimal.

Strength (Kekuatan Otot) Kekuatan otot adalah gaya maksimal dengan 1 x usaha maksimal melawan suatu tahanan. Kekuatan otot adalah besarnya gaya absolut maksimum yang dapat membangkitkan suatu gerakan yang terisolir dari group otot tunggal Kekuatan otot adalah gaya output dari kontraksi otot dan berkaitan langsung dengan besarnya ketegangan yang dihasilkan oleh kontraksi otot.

Kekuatan otot adalah kemampuan suatu otot/group otot untuk menghasilkan ketegangan dan gaya sela-ma usaha maksimal, baik secara dinamik maupun statik. DAYA TAHAN OTOT Daya tahan otot adalah kemampuan otot untuk mengaplikasikan gaya submaksimal secara berulang-ulang atau kontraksi otot yang terus menerus dalam jangka waktu yang tertentu.

Daya tahan otot adalah kemampuan dan kesanggup-an otot untuk kerja berulang-ulang tanpa mengalami kelelahan. Daya tahan otot adalah kemampuan untuk melaku-kan latihan repetisi dengan intensitas rendah dalam jangka waktu yang lama. SKILL RELATED FITNESS Skill Related Fitness terdiri atas : – Agility (kelincahan) – Balance (keseimbangan) – Koordinasi – Speed (kecepatan) – Power (daya ledak) – Reaction time (kecepatan reaksi) Setiap komponen diatas memiliki pengukuran masing-masing dan diukur secara terpisah.

Masing-masing pengukuran memiliki kriteria penilai-an yang berbeda-beda. Agility (kelincahan) Agility adalah kemampuan untuk mengubah posisi tubuh dengan cepat dalam suatu ruang, dengan ke-cepatan dan akurasi. Agility berhubungan dengan kemampuan seseorang mengubah arah posisi tubuh dengan kecepatan yang tinggi dan akurasi yang tinggi pula.

Agility adalah kemampuan untuk mengubah arah tubuh dalam pola yang efisien dan efektif. Untuk mencapai agility, dibutuhkan kombinasi anta-ra balance, speed, strength dan koordinasi.

Balance Balance berkaitan dengan pemeliharaan equili-brium saat diam atau bergerak. Balance merupakan kemampuan untuk memperta-hankan equilibrium baik saat diam atau bergerak. Balance berhubungan dengan sikap yang memperta-hankan keadaan keseimbangan (equilibrium) ketika sedang diam atau sedang bergerak. Koordinasi Koordinasi adalah kemampuan untuk menggunakan sense (indera) (seperti memandang/melihat dan men-dengar) secara bersamaan dengan tugas-tugas motorik yang dilakukan oleh bagian2 tubuh secara halus dan akurat.

Koordinasi berhubungan dengan kemampuan meng-gunakan panca indera secara bersamaan dengan bagian tubuh melakukan aktivitas motorik secara harmonis dan akurasi tinggi. Contoh pada pemain sepak bola. Speed (kecepatan) Speed adalah kemampuan untuk melakukan suatu gerakan dalam jangka waktu yang pendek/singkat. Speed berkaitan dengan kemampuan melakukan gerakan dalam waktu yang sangat singkat. Contoh : pelari sprinter. Power (daya ledak) Power berkaitan dengan kecepatan melakukan kerja atau strength dengan waktu yang cepat.

Power merupakan suatu ukuran performa otot, yang berkaitan dengan kekuatan (strength) dan ke-cepatan gerak  dapat diartikan sebagai kerja per unit waktu (gaya x jarak/waktu). Power equivalen dengan gaya x kecepatan gerak. Power berkaitan dengan laju ketika seseorang mela-kukan kegiatan atau hasil dari gaya x velocity. Reaction time (kecepatan reaksi) Kecepatan reaksi berkaitan dengan waktu yang dicapai antara stimulasi dan awal terjadinya reaksi terhadap stimulasi tersebut.

Kecepatan reaksi berkaitan dengan kecepatan waktu yang dipergunakan antara mulai datangnya stimulasi (rangsangan) dengan mulainya reaksi. Cari untuk: Tulisan Terakhir • Tanda dan Gejala Ischaemic Heart Disease • Perubahan Patologi Pada Ischaemic Heart Disease • Etiologi dan Faktor Resiko Penyakit Ischaemic Heart Disease • Penyakit-penyakit Inflamasi Jantung • Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Pada Gangguan Fungsional Bahu kiri Akibat Frozen Shoulder karna tendinitis bicepitalis Komentar Terbaru Olahraga dan Fisiote… pada Penanganan Fisioterapi Pada Ce… Arsip • September 2014 • April 2014 • Maret 2014 Meta • Daftar • Masuk • Feed entri • Feed Komentar • WordPress.com Follow Blog via Email Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.

Kategori • Fisioterapi Kardiorespirasi • Fisioterapi Olahraga • Guillain Barre Syndrome Tulisan Terakhir • Tanda physical fitness adalah Gejala Ischaemic Heart Disease • Perubahan Patologi Pada Ischaemic Heart Disease • Etiologi dan Faktor Resiko Penyakit Ischaemic Heart Disease • Penyakit-penyakit Inflamasi Jantung • Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Pada Gangguan Fungsional Bahu kiri Akibat Frozen Shoulder karna tendinitis bicepitalis Klik tertinggi • Tidak ada Top Posts & Halaman • Tanda dan Gejala Ischaemic Heart Disease • Perubahan Patologi Pada Ischaemic Heart Disease • Etiologi dan Faktor Resiko Penyakit Ischaemic Heart Disease • Penyakit-penyakit Inflamasi Jantung • Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Pada Gangguan Fungsional Bahu kiri Akibat Frozen Shoulder karna tendinitis bicepitalis • Tanda dan Gejala Guillain Barre Syndrome • Mengapa Fisioterapi Dibutuhkan?

• Cara Mengukur Kecepatan Reaksi Pada Atlet • Pentingnya Gait dalam Fisioterapi • Cara Mengukur Power Pada Atlet Blogs I Follow • Site Title Blog Stats • 100.495 hitsPhysical fitness is achieved through exercise, among other factors.

Photo shows Rich Froning Jr. – four-time winner of "Fittest Man on Earth" title. Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities.

Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, [1] moderate-vigorous physical exercise, [2] and sufficient rest along with a formal recovery plan. [3] Before the Industrial Revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the day's activities without undue fatigue or lethargy. However, with automation and changes in lifestyles, physical fitness is now considered a measure of the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, improve immune system and to meet emergency situations.

[4] Contents • 1 Overview • 2 Activity guidelines • 3 Exercise • 3.1 Aerobic exercise • 3.2 Anaerobic exercise • 4 Training • 4.1 High intensity interval training • 5 Effects • 5.1 Controlling blood pressure • 5.2 Cancer prevention • 5.3 Inflammation • 5.4 Immune system • 5.5 Weight control • 5.6 Menopause and physical fitness • 5.7 Mental health • 6 History • 7 Education • 8 See also • 9 References • 10 External Links Overview [ edit ] Fitness is defined as the quality or state of being fit and healthy.

[5] Around 1950, perhaps consistent with the Industrial Revolution and the treatise of World War II, the term "fitness" increased in western vernacular by a factor of ten. [6] The modern definition of fitness describes either a person or machine's ability to perform a specific function or a holistic definition of human adaptability to cope with various situations.

This has led to an interrelation of human fitness and physical attractiveness that has mobilized global fitness and fitness equipment industries. Regarding specific function, fitness is attributed to persons who possess significant aerobic or anaerobic ability (i.e., endurance or strength). A well-rounded fitness program improves a person in all aspects of fitness compared to practicing only one, such as only cardio/respiratory or only weight training.

A comprehensive fitness program tailored to an individual typically focuses on one or more specific skills, [7] and on age- [8] or health-related needs such as bone health. [9] Many sources [10] also cite mental, social and emotional health as an important part of overall fitness. This is often presented in textbooks as a triangle made up of three points, which represent physical, emotional, and mental fitness.

Physical fitness has been shown to have benefits in preventing ill health and assisting recovery from injury or illness. Along with the physical health benefits of fitness, it has also been shown to have a positive impact on mental health as well by assisting in treating anxiety and depression.

[11] Physical fitness can also prevent or treat many other chronic health conditions brought on by unhealthy lifestyle or aging physical fitness adalah well and has been listed frequently as one of the most popular and advantageous self-care therapies.

[12] Working out can also help some people sleep better by building up sleeping pressure and possibly alleviate some mood disorders in certain individuals. [13] Developing research has demonstrated that many of the benefits of exercise are mediated through the role of skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ. That is, contracting muscles release multiple substances known as physical fitness adalah, which promote the growth of new tissue, tissue repair, and various anti-inflammatory functions, which in turn reduce the risk of developing various inflammatory diseases.

[14] Activity guidelines [ edit ] This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. ( August 2019) The physical fitness adalah Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans were released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to provide science-based guidance for people ages 3 years and older to improve their health by participating in regular physical activity.

These guidelines recommend that all adults should move more and sit less throughout the day to improve health-related quality of life including mental, emotional, and physical health. For substantial health benefits, adults should perform at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity, or 75 to 150 minutes per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of both spread throughout the week.

The recommendation for physical activity to occur in bouts of at least 10 minutes has been eliminated, as new research suggests that bouts of any length contribute to the health benefits linked to the accumulated volume of physical activity. Additional health benefits may be achieved by engaging in more than 300 minutes (5 hours) of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. Adults should also do muscle-strengthening activities that are of moderate or greater intensity and involve all major muscle groups on two or more days a week, as these activities provide additional health benefits.

[15] Guidelines in the United Kingdom released in July 2011 include the physical fitness adalah points: The intensity at which a person exercises is key, and light activity such as strolling and house work is unlikely to have much positive impact on the health of most people.

For aerobic exercise to be beneficial, it must raise the heart rate and cause perspiration. A person should do a minimum of 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. There are more health benefits gained if a person exercises beyond 150 minutes.

Sedentary time (time spent not standing, such as when on a chair or in bed) is bad for a person's health, and no amount of exercise can negate the effects of sitting for too long.

These guidelines are now much more in line with those used in the U.S., which also includes recommendations for muscle-building and bone-strengthening activities such as lifting physical fitness adalah and yoga.

[16] Exercise [ edit ] Playing sports such as lawn tennis is a common way to maintain/improve physical fitness. Image shows international tennis player Barbora Strycova. Cardiorespiratory fitness can be measured using VO 2 max, a measure of the amount of oxygen the body can uptake and utilize.

[17] [18] Aerobic exercise, which improves cardiorespiratory fitness and increase stamina, involves movement that increases the heart rate to improve the body's oxygen consumption. This form of exercise is an important part of all training regiments, whether for professional athletes or for the everyday person. Prominent examples of aerobic exercises include: • Jogging – Running at a steady and gentle pace.

This form of exercise is great for maintaining weight and building a cardiovascular base to later perform more intense exercises. • Working on elliptical trainer – This is a stationary exercise machine used to perform walking, or running without causing excessive stress on the joints. This form of exercise is perfect for people with achy hips, knees, and physical fitness adalah.

• Walking – Moving at a fairly regular pace for a short, physical fitness adalah or long distance. • Treadmill training – Many treadmills have programs set up that offer numerous different workout plans. One effective cardiovascular activity would be to switch between running and walking. Typically warm up first by walking and physical fitness adalah switch off between walking for three minutes and running for three minutes. • Swimming – Using the arms and legs to keep oneself afloat in water and moving either forwards or backward.

This is a good full-body exercise for those who are looking to strengthen their core while improving cardiovascular endurance. • Cycling – Riding a bicycle typically involves longer distances than walking or jogging.

This is another low-impact exercise on the joints and is great for improving leg strength. [19] Anaerobic exercise [ edit ] A man and a woman doing weight training at a health club. Anaerobic exercise features high-intensity movements performed in a short period of time. It is a fast, high-intensity exercise that does not require the body to utilize oxygen to produce energy. It helps to promote strength, endurance, speed, and power; and is used by bodybuilders to build workout physical fitness adalah.

Anaerobic exercises are thought to increase the metabolic rate, thereby allowing one to burn additional calories as the body recovers from exercise due to an increase in body temperature and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after the exercise ended. Prominent examples of anaerobic exercises include: • Weight training - A common type of strength training for developing the strength and size of skeletal muscles.

• Isometric exercise - Helps to maintain strength. A muscle action in which no visible movement occurs and the resistance matches the muscular tension.

• Sprinting - Running short distances as fast as possible, training for muscle explosiveness. • Interval training - Alternating short bursts (lasting around 30 seconds) of intense activity with longer intervals (three to four minutes) of less intense activity. Training [ edit ] Specific or task-oriented fitness is a person's ability to perform in a specific activity, such as sports or military service, with a reasonable efficiency. Specific training prepares athletes to perform well in their sport.

These include, among others: Swimmers in competitive swimwear perform squats prior to entering the pool in a U.S.

military base, 2011. • 100 m sprint: In a sprint, the athlete must be trained to work anaerobically throughout the race, an example of how to do this would be interval training.

• Century ride: Cyclists must be prepared aerobically for a bike ride of 100 miles or more. • Middle distance running: Athletes require both speed and endurance to gain benefit physical fitness adalah of this training. The hard-working muscles are at their peak for a longer period of time as they are being used at that level for the longer period of time. [20] • Marathon: In this case, the athlete must be trained to work aerobically, and their endurance must be built-up to a maximum.

• Many firefighters and police officers undergo regular fitness testing to determine if they are capable of the physically demanding tasks required of the job. [21] • Members of armed forces are often required to pass a formal fitness test. For example, soldiers of the U.S. Army must be able to pass the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). [22] • Hill sprints: Requires a high level of fitness to begin with; the exercise is particularly good for the leg muscles. The Army often trains to do mountain climbing and races.

• Plyometric and isometric exercises: An excellent way to build strength and increase muscular endurance. • Sand running creates less strain on leg muscles than running on grass or concrete. This is because sand collapses beneath the foot which softens the landing. Sand training is an effective way to lose weight and become fit, as more effort is needed (one and a half times more) to run on the soft sand than on a hard surface.

[ citation needed] • Aquajogging is a form of exercise that decreases strain on joints and bones. The water supplies minimal impact [ clarification needed] to muscles and bones, which is good for those recovering from injury. Furthermore, the resistance of the water as one jogs through it provides an enhanced effect of exercise (the deeper you are, the greater the force needed to pull your leg through).

[23] • Swimming: Squatting exercise helps in enhancing a swimmer's start. [24] For physical fitness activity to benefit an individual, the exertion must trigger a sufficient amount of stimuli. Exercise with the correct amount of intensity, duration, and frequency can produce a significant amount of improvement.

The person may overall feel better, but the physical effects on the human body take weeks or months to notice—and possibly years for full development. For training purposes, exercise must provide a stress or demand on either a function or tissue. To continue improvements, this demand must eventually increase little over an extended period of time.

This sort of exercise training has three basic principles: overload, specificity, and progression. These principles are related to health but also enhancement of physical working capacity. [25] High intensity interval training [ edit ] A man and a woman participating in high intensity events during a fitness competition. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) consists of repeated, short bursts of exercise, completed at a high level of intensity.

These sets of intense activity are followed by a predetermined time of rest or low-intensity activity. [26] Studies have shown that exercising at a higher intensity can have the effect of increasing cardiac benefits for humans when compared with exercising at a low or moderate level.

[27] When one's workout consists of a HIIT session, their body has to work harder to replace the oxygen it lost. Research into the benefits of HIIT have shown that it can be very successful for reducing fat, especially around the abdominal region.

[28] Furthermore, when compared to continuous moderate exercise, HIIT proves to burn more calories and increase the amount of fat burned post- HIIT session. [29] Lack of time is one of the main reasons stated for not exercising; HIIT is a great alternative for those people because the duration of a HIIT session can be as short as 10 minutes, making it much quicker than conventional workouts.

[30] Effects [ edit ] Main article: Exercise physiology Controlling blood pressure [ edit ] Physical fitness has proven to support the body's blood pressure.

Staying active and exercising regularly builds a stronger heart. The heart is the main organ in charge of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Engaging in a physical activity raises blood pressure. Once the subject stops the activity, the blood pressure returns to normal. The more physical activity, the easier this process becomes, resulting in a fitter cardiovascular profile. [31] Through regular physical fitness, it becomes easier to create a rise in blood pressure.

This lowers the force on the arteries, and lowers the overall blood pressure. [32] Cancer prevention [ edit ] Centers for disease control and prevention provide lifestyle guidelines for maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in physical activity to reduce the risk of disease. The WCRF/ American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) published a list of recommendations that reflect the evidence they have found through consistency in fitness and dietary factors that directly relate to cancer prevention.

The WCRF/AICR recommendations include the following: • Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight. • Each week, adults should engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity.

• Children should engage in at least one hour of moderate or vigorous physical activity each week. physical fitness adalah Be physically active for at least thirty minutes every day. • Avoid sugar, and limit the consumption of energy-packed foods. • Balance one's diet with a variety of vegetables, grains, fruits, legumes, etc. • Limit sodium intake and the consumption of red meats and processed meats. • Limit alcoholic drinks to two for men and one for women a day. [33] These recommendations are also widely supported by the American Cancer Society.

The guidelines have been evaluated and individuals who have higher guideline adherence scores substantially reduce cancer risk as well as help control a multitude of chronic health problems. Regular physical activity is a factor that helps reduce an individual's blood pressure and improves cholesterol levels, two physical fitness adalah components that correlate with heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

[34] The American Cancer Society encourages the public to "adopt a physically active lifestyle" by meeting the criteria in a variety of physical activities such as hiking, swimming, circuit training, resistance training, lifting, etc.

It is understood that cancer is not a disease that can be cured by physical fitness alone, however, because it is a multifactorial disease, physical fitness is a controllable prevention. The large associations tied with being physically fit and reduced cancer risk are enough to provide a strategy to reduce cancer risk.

physical fitness adalah The American Cancer Society asserts different levels of activity ranging from moderate to vigorous to clarify the recommended time spent on a physical activity. These classifications of physical activity consider intentional exercise and basic activities performed on a daily basis and give the public a greater understanding of what fitness levels suffice as future disease prevention. Inflammation [ edit ] Studies have shown an association between increased physical activity and reduced inflammation.

[35] It produces both a short-term inflammatory response and a long-term anti-inflammatory effect. [36] Physical activity reduces inflammation in conjunction with or independent of changes in body weight. [37] However, the mechanisms linking physical fitness adalah activity to inflammation are unknown.

Immune system [ edit ] Physical activity boosts the immune system. This is dependent on the concentration of endogenous factors (such as sex hormones, metabolic hormones and growth hormones), body temperature, blood flow, hydration status and body position.

[38] Physical activity has been shown to increase the levels of natural killer (NK) cells, NK T physical fitness adalah, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, complements, cytokines, antibodies and T cytotoxic cells. [39] [40] However, the mechanism linking physical activity to immune system is not fully understood.

Weight control [ edit ] See also: healthy diet Achieving resilience through physical fitness promotes a vast and complex range of health-related benefits. Individuals who keep up physical fitness levels generally regulate their distribution of body fat and prevent obesity. Abdominal fat, specifically visceral fat, is most directly affected by engaging in aerobic exercise.

Strength training has been known to increase the amount of muscle in the body, however, it can also reduce body fat. [41] Sex steroid hormones, insulin, and appropriate immune responses are factors that mediate metabolism in relation to abdominal fat. Therefore, physical fitness provides weight control through regulation of these bodily functions.

[42] Menopause and physical fitness [ edit ] Menopause is often said to have occurred when a woman has had no vaginal bleeding for over a year since her last menstrual cycle. There are a number of symptoms connected to menopause, most of which can affect the quality of life of a woman involved in this stage of her life. One way to reduce the severity of the symptoms is to exercise and keep a healthy level of fitness.

Prior to and during menopause, as the female body changes, there can be physical, physiological or internal changes to the body. These changes can be reduced or even prevented with regular exercise. These changes include: [43] • Preventing weight gain: around menopause women tend to experience a reduction in muscle mass and an increase in fat levels. Increasing the amount of physical exercise undertaken can help to prevent these changes. • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: weight loss from regular exercise may offer protection from breast cancer.

• Strengthening bones: physical activity can slow the bone loss associated with menopause, reducing the chance of bone fractures and osteoporosis. • Reducing the risk of disease: excess weight can increase the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes, and regular physical activity can counter these effects.

• Boosting mood: being involved in regular activities can improve psychological health, an effect that can be seen at any age and not just during or after menopause. [44] The Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project followed 438 women over an eight-year period providing evidence showing that even though physical activity was not associated with VMS in this cohort at the beginning, Women who reported they were physically active every day at the beginning were 49% less likely to have reported bothersome hot flushes.

This is in contrast to women whose level of activity decreased and were more likely to experience bothersome hot flushes. [45] Mental health [ edit ] See also: Physical fitness adalah health § Physical activity Studies have shown that physical activity can improve mental health and well-being. [46] [47] This improvement is due to an increase in blood flow to the brain, allowing for the release of hormones as well as a decrease stress hormones in the body (e.g., cortisol, adrenaline) physical fitness adalah also stimulating the human body's mood boosters and natural painkillers.

[48] Not only does exercise release these feel-good hormones, it can also help relieve stress and help build confidence. [49] These trends improve as physical activity is performed on a consistent basis, which makes exercise effective in relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety, positively impacting mental health and bringing about several other benefits.

For example: [50] • Physical activity has been linked to the alleviation of depression and anxiety symptoms. [46] • In patients suffering from schizophrenia, physical fitness has been shown to improve their quality of life and decrease the effects of schizophrenia. [51] • Being fit can improve one's self-esteem. • Working out can improve one's physical fitness adalah alertness and it can reduce fatigue.

• Studies have shown a reduction in stress levels. • Increased opportunity for social interaction, allowing for improved social skills [50] To achieve some of these benefits, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests at least 30–60 minutes of exercise 3-5 times a week.

[52] History [ edit ] Ladies performing a common 19th-century fitness routine including climbing the underside of a ladder, balancing and gymnastics. In the 1940's a brilliant emigrant M.D. from Austria named Dr. Hans Kraus began testing children in the U.S. and Europe for what he termed, "Muscular Fitness." (in other words, muscular functionality) Through his testing, he found children in the U.S.

to be far less physically capable than European children. Kruas published some alarming papers in various journals and got the attention of some powerful people, including a senator from Pennsylvania who took the findings to President Dwight D. Eisenhower. President Eisenhower was "shocked." He set up a series of conferences and committees; then in July of 1956, Eisenhower established the President's Council on Youth Fitness.

In Greece, physical fitness was considered to be an essential component of a healthy life and it was the norm for men to frequent a gymnasium. Physical fitness regimes were also considered to be of paramount importance in a nation's ability to train soldiers for an effective military force.

Partly for these reasons, organized fitness regimes have been in existence throughout known history and evidence of them can be found in many countries.

Gymnasiums which would seem familiar today began to become increasingly common in the 19th century. The industrial revolution had led to a more sedentary lifestyle for many people and there was an increased awareness that this had the potential to be harmful to health.

This was a key motivating factor for the forming of a physical culture movement, especially in Europe and the USA. This movement advocated increased levels of physical fitness for men, women, and children and sought to do so through various forms of indoor and outdoor activity, and education. In many ways, it laid the foundations for modern fitness culture. [53] Education [ edit ] • ^ Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, Healy GN, Owen N (December 2010). "Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle".

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