• • • • • Domov • Ponudba • Garažna vrata • Industrijska vrata • Rolo navojna vrata • Garažna vrata po vašem okusu • Hitrotekoča rolo navojna vrata • Dvokrilna garažna vrata • Enokrilna stranska / vhodna vrata • Stranska sekcijska garažna vrata • Kop kip prehod v dvižnih garažnih vratih • Rolo industrijska dvižna vrata • Pogoni kop kip avtomatike • Referenčni katalogi • Sekcijska dvižna garažna vrata • Sekcijska dvižna industrijska vrata • Rolo navojna vrata • Kontakt • Mnenja Strank • Servis in vzdrževanje • Samodejne izmere • Pošlji povpraševanje • Obvestila • Tel: +386 40 974 470 POSEBNO NAVODILO NAROČNIKU: Zaradi prihajajočega kolektivnega dopusta, katerega bo podjetje KIP KOP d.o.o.
koristilo v letu 2021 (specifikacija spodaj) lahko pride do podaljšanja dobavnega roka! TERMINSKA SPECIFIKACIJA: -od 01.01.22 do 02.01.22 kop kip 06.02.22 do 08.02.22 -od 17.04.22 do 18.04.22 -od 24.04.22 do 02.05.22 -od 31.07.22 do 15.08.22 -od 30.10.22 do 02.11.22 -od 25.12.22 od 02.01.23 01.01.2021, Gradac Spoštovani!
Zaradi nenehnih zviševanj cen surovin materialov ter stroškov, povezanih s proizvodnjo, nabavo in vzdrževanjem strojev / vozil / orodja smo prisiljeni povišati cene naših izdelkov za naslednje pol letje.
Vse cene bodo medijsko javno objavljene na spletni strani www.bolha.com, www.kipkop.si, www.kipkopshop.si in fizično v prostorih podjetja KIP KOP d.o.o. in njenih poslovnih enotah!
Strošku za periodični pregled bo dodana delna kilometrina in bo obračunana na način z združevanjem z drugo ali tretjo stranko! O strošku pregleda bo stranka še pred izvedbo del obveščena s poslano ponudbo ! Vse stranke vljudno naprošamo, da prejeto ponudbo vsebinsko preverijo še pred nakupom! Hvala za razumevanje! 01.06.2021, Gradac Spoštovani Zaradi neprestanih nenehnih zviševanj cen surovin materialov ter stroškov, povezanih s proizvodnjo, nabavo in vzdrževanjem strojev / vozil / orodja smo prisiljeni povišati cene naših izdelkov za naslednje pol letje.
Vse cene bodo medijsko javno objavljene na spletni strani www.bolha.com, www.kipkop.si, www.kipkopshop.si in fizično v prostorih podjetja KIP KOP d.o.o. in njenih poslovnih enotah!
Strošku za periodični pregled bo dodana kop kip kilometrina in bo obračunana na način z združevanjem z drugo ali tretjo stranko! O strošku pregleda bo stranka še pred izvedbo del obveščena s poslano ponudbo !
Vse stranke vljudno naprošamo, da prejeto ponudbo vsebinsko preverijo še pred nakupom! Hvala za razumevanje! KOMERCIALA 1 tel.: +386 / 40 / 896 322 e-mail: komerciala@kipkop.si KOMERCIALA 2 tel.: +386 / 30 / 478 800 e-mail: komerciala2@kipkop.si KOMERCIALA 3 tel.: +386 / 30 / 464 456 e-mail: komerciala2@kipkop.si SERVIS in TEHNIČNA POMOČ tel.: +386 / 40 / 865 855 e-mail: servis@kipkop.si PE: LJUBLJANA Plemljeva ul.
8, 1000 Ljubljana tel.: +386 / 40 / 674 480 e-mail: ljubljana@kipkop.si PE: UPRAVA / SKLADIŠČE Gradac 98, 8332 Gradac tel.: +386 / 40 / 974 470 e-mail: info@kipkop.si POSEBNO NAVODILO NAROČNIKU: Zaradi prihajajočega kolektivnega dopusta, katerega bo podjetje KIP KOP d.o.o. koristilo v letu 2021 (specifikacija spodaj) lahko pride do podaljšanja dobavnega roka! TERMINSKA SPECIFIKACIJA: -od 01.01.22 do 02.01.22 -od 06.02.22 do 08.02.22 -od 17.04.22 do 18.04.22 -od 24.04.22 do 02.05.22 -od 31.07.22 do 15.08.22 -od 30.10.22 do 02.11.22 -od 25.12.22 od 02.01.23 01.01.2022, Gradac Spoštovani!
Zaradi nenehnih zviševanj kop kip surovin materialov ter stroškov, povezanih s proizvodnjo, nabavo in vzdrževanjem strojev / vozil / orodja smo prisiljeni povišati cene naših izdelkov za naslednje pol letje. Vse cene bodo medijsko javno objavljene na spletni strani www.bolha.com, www.kipkop.si, www.kipkopshop.si in fizično v prostorih podjetja KIP KOP d.o.o. in njenih poslovnih enotah! Strošku za periodični pregled bo dodana delna kilometrina in bo obračunana na način z združevanjem z drugo ali tretjo stranko!
O strošku pregleda bo stranka še pred izvedbo del obveščena s poslano ponudbo ! Vse stranke vljudno naprošamo, da prejeto ponudbo vsebinsko preverijo še pred nakupom! Hvala za razumevanje! 01.06.2021, Gradac Spoštovani Zaradi neprestanih nenehnih zviševanj cen surovin materialov ter stroškov, povezanih s proizvodnjo, nabavo in vzdrževanjem strojev / vozil / orodja smo kop kip povišati cene naših izdelkov za naslednje pol letje.
Vse cene bodo medijsko javno objavljene na spletni strani www.bolha.com, www.kipkop.si, www.kipkopshop.si in fizično v prostorih podjetja KIP KOP d.o.o. in njenih poslovnih enotah! Strošku za periodični pregled bo dodana delna kilometrina in bo obračunana na način z združevanjem z drugo ali tretjo stranko!
O strošku pregleda bo stranka še pred izvedbo del obveščena s poslano ponudbo ! Vse stranke vljudno naprošamo, da prejeto ponudbo vsebinsko preverijo še pred nakupom! Hvala za razumevanje!
Seleksi UTBK-SBMPTN 2022 Dibuka! Pilihan jalur seleksi UTBK-SBMPTN di sistem KIP-Kuliah dibuka mulai tanggal 22 Maret s.d. 14 April 2022. Siswa peserta KIP Kuliah Merdeka yang akan mengikuti seleksi masuk PT melalui jalur UTBK-SBMPTN diharapkan untuk kop kip memilih seleksi UTBK-SBMPTN di Menu Seleksi SIM KIP-Kuliah.
Apabila Menu Seleksi belum muncul, silahkan lengkapi berkas KIP-Kuliah Merdeka terlebih dahulu. Semangat menggapai asa ! [UPDATE] KIP-Kuliah Jalur Seleksi SNMPTN 2022 Halo para Peserta KIP-Kuliah! Untuk memberikan kemudahan bagi peserta KIP-Kuliah yang mengikuti seleksi SNMPTN, siswa peserta KIP-Kuliah TIDAK PERLU menginput No. KIP-Kuliah di Halaman Pendaftaran SNMPTN - LTMPT.
Siswa Peserta KIP-Kuliah jalur seleksi SNMPTN cukup melengkapi berkas pendaftaran KIP-Kuliah dan memilih seleksi SNMPTN di Menu SELEKSI SIM KIP-Kuliah. Sinkronisasi antara SIM KIP-Kuliah dan SIM Pendaftaran SNMPTN - LTMPT akan dilakukan secara otomatis dan berkala melalui mekanisme host-to-host (berlaku bagi yang sudah finalisasi kop kip yang belum).
Pemerintah melalui Puslapdik Kemendikbudristek terus berkomitmen untuk membuka akses pendidikan tinggi seluas-luasnya bagi seluruh siswa di Indonesia. KIP-KULIAH MERDEKA JALUR SELEKSI SNMPTN DIBUKA Pilihan jalur seleksi SNMPTN di sistem KIP-Kuliah dibuka mulai tanggal 13-27 Februari 2022.
Siswa peserta KIP Kuliah Merdeka yang mengikuti seleksi masuk PT jalur SNMPTN diharapkan untuk segera melengkapi berkas dan memilih seleksi SNMPTN di Menu Seleksi SIM KIP-Kuliah. Semangat menggapai asa ! KIP KULIAH MERDEKA 2022 KIP Kuliah Merdeka Tahun 2022 sudah dibuka! Ayo manfaatkan program KIP Kuliah Merdeka untuk meraih cita-citamu. Pendaftaran KIP Kuliah Merdeka memerlukan data Nomor Induk Siswa Nasional (NISN), Nomor Pokok Sekolah Nasional (NPSN), dan Nomor Induk Kependudukan (NIK).
Pastikan NISN, NPSN dan NIK dari calon peserta KIP Kuliah 2022 valid, sesuai data yang tercatat di Data Pokok Pendidikan (Dapodik), KemendikbudRistek. Semangat.!
KIP-KULIAH UNTUK PENDAFTAR SBMPN Peserta KIP-Kuliah yang mendaftar seleksi SBMPN diharapkan untuk segera melengkapi berkas dan memilih seleksi SBMPN di Menu Seleksi sistem pendaftaran KIP-Kuliah.
Simpan KAP dan PIN yang diperoleh untuk kemudian dimasukkan ke sistem pendaftaran SBMPN. Selamat berjuang ! KIP-KULIAH KEMENAG RI Siswa yang akan melanjutkan kuliah ke Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Negeri (seperti UIN/IAIN/STAIN, PTKN Hindu, Buddha, Kristen, Katolik, dan Konghucu) maupun Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Swasta, silahkan melakukan pendaftaran KIP Kuliah di Kementerian Agama (Kemenag) RI.
Apabila mendaftar KIP-K Kemdikbud dan memilih UTBK-SBMPTN maka tidak ada pilihan UIN di LTMPT. Bagi siswa yang tetap ingin memilih UIN di LTMPT, tersedia menu pembatalan kepesertaan KIP Kuliah di menu seleksi (selama memenuhi persyaratan yang sudah ditentukan oleh panitia seleksi).
ADA KENDALA PENDAFTARAN? Apabila ada kendala NIK, NISN dan NPSN yang kop kip terbaca oleh sistem KIP-Kuliah, Silahkan koordinasi dengan operator DAPODIK/EMIS di sekolah masing-masing untuk perbaikan sumber data secara mandiri oleh operator di http://vervalpd.data.kemdikbud.go.id/ Bagi siswa lulusan silahkan lakukan pengajuan perbaikan di Verval Lulusan di alamat http://pd.data.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php?r=pengajuan/PengajuanLulusan KARTU INDONESIA PINTAR KULIAH Pemerintah Indonesia terus berkomitmen untuk fokus meningkatkan pembangunan Sumberdaya Manusia melalui kop kip upaya cerdas.
Kartu Indonesia Pintar Kuliah (KIP-Kuliah) adalah salah satu upaya untuk membantu asa para siswa yang memiliki keterbatasan ekonomi tetapi berprestasi untuk melanjutkan studi di perguruan tinggi. # Kegiatan Dibuka Ditutup 1 Pendaftaran Akun Siswa KIP-Kuliah 02 Februari 2022 31 Oktober 2022 2 SNMPN 07 Februari 2022 17 Maret 2022 3 SNMPTN 13 Februari 2022 kop kip Februari 2022 4 UTBK-SBMPTN 22 Maret 2022 14 April 2022 5 SBMPN 05 April 2022 29 Juni 2022 6 Seleksi Mandiri PTN 01 Juni 2022 07 Oktober 2022 7 Seleksi Mandiri PTS 08 Juni 2022 31 Oktober 2022 Keterangan: Jadwal dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu • Uporabnik je telefonsko številko preveril v državi Slovenija • Gradac 104, 8332 Gradac, Jugovzhodna Slovenija, Slovenija • Pokaži na zemljevidu • http://www.kipkop.si • kipkopdoo@gmail.com • Telefonska številka: 040.
Prikaži telefonsko številko • Telefonska številka: 040. Prikaži telefonsko številko • Telefonska številka: 030. Prikaži telefonsko številko • Telefonska številka: 030. Prikaži telefonsko številko • Telefonska številka: 030. Prikaži telefonsko številko
• • • • • Početna • Ponuda • Garažna vrata • Industrijska vrata • Rolo navojna vrata • Dvokrilna garažna vrata • Jednokrilna bočna / ulazna vrata • Bočna sekcijska garažna vrata • Osobni prijelaz u podiznim garažnim vratima • Rolo industrijska podizna vrata • Pogoni i automatika • Referentni katalozi • Sekcijska podizna garažna vrata • Sekcijska podizna industrijska vrata • Rolo navojna vrata • Kontakt • Mišljenja klijenata • Servis kop kip održavanje • Izmjeri si sam • Pošalji upit • Tel: +386 40 974 470 Varstvo osebnih podatkov Kip Kop d.o.o, se zavezuje, da bo vse preko spletne strani posredovane osebne podatke varovala v z veljavno zakonodajo.
Vse posredovane osebne podatke obravnavamo strogo zaupno in le za namen, za katerega so nam bili posredovani. Uporabnike naše spletne strani obveščamo, da se ob obisku naše spletne strani avtomatsko zabeležijo naslednji neosebni podatki: ime ponudnika internetnih storitev in IP naslov, preko katerega dostopate do interneta, datum in ura obiska, spletne strani, na katere dostopate, medtem ko ste na tej spletni strani, in internetni naslov spletne strani, s katere ste prišli neposredno na našo stran.
Ti podatki kop kip zbirajo z namenom izboljšanja vsebin spletnih strani, analiziranja potreb uporabnikov in administriranja. Pri obravnavi vseh posredno in neposredno posredovanih osebnih podatkov nas zavezuje Zakon o varstvu osebnih podatkov (ZVOP-1), s katerim se določajo pravice, obveznosti, načela in ukrepi, s katerimi se preprečujejo neustavni, nezakoniti in neupravičeni posegi v zasebnost in dostojanstvo posameznika oziroma posameznice pri obdelavi osebnih podatkov.
Odgovornost Vsebina spletnih strani Kip Kop d.o.o je podana in vzdrževana z največjo možno mero skrbnosti. Ne glede na to Kip Kop d.o.o, ne jamči za pravilnost, ažurnost ali popolnost vseh informacij na spletnih straneh. Kip Kop d.o.o tako ni odgovorna za občasno nedelovanje strani, morebitno nepravilnost informacij in tudi ne za morebitno škodo nastalo zaradi uporabe nepravilnih, neažurnih ali nepopolnih informacij.
Kip Kop d.o.o, niti katerakoli pravna ali fizična oseba, ki je sodelovala pri nastanku vsebine spletnih strani, ne odgovarja za nobeno škodo, ki bi izhajala iz dostopa, uporabe ali kop kip uporabe informacij na teh kop kip straneh ali za kakršnekoli napake ter pomanjkljivosti v njihovi vsebini. Uporabnike spletnih strani obveščamo, da se vse informacije na teh spletnih straneh lahko spremenijo brez predhodnega obvestila ter da so vse avtorske vsebine zaščitene z Zakonom o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah (ZASP).
Piškotki Piškotki so majhne datoteke z informacijami, ki se začasno shranijo na vaš računalnik. Ko se piškotki namestijo na vaš računalnik, o tem niste obveščeni. Glavni namen piškotkov je, da spletni strežniki prepoznajo vaš računalnik in spletni brskalnik, prilagodijo spletno stran ter poskrbijo za enostavnost in hitrost.
Piškotki nam omogočijo, da vam prikažemo pravilne informacije, ki jih iščete in vas zanimajo. Z zbiranjem in pomnjenjem informacij o vaših nastavitvah spletnega mesta s pomočjo piškotkov lahko zagotovimo boljšo spletno stran in trženjske izkušnje. Piškotki nam ne dajejo dostopa do računalnika in podatki, ki jih zbiramo preko piškotkov, ne vključujejo osebnih podatkov.
Za potrebe spletne strani Kip Kop kip d.o.o uporabljamo naslednje piškotke: Sejni piškotek Nujen za delovanje kop kip za urejanje in prikaz vsebin. Ta piškotek skrbi za pravilen sprejem elektronskih sporočil in vsebin na spletni strani. Piškotek se izbišre, ko uporabnik odide s spletne strani. Piškotki za pomnjenje uporabniških nastavitev Uporabljamo piškotke za pomnenje uporabniških nastavitev, kot npr. piškotek, ki vsebuje informacijo o sprejetju ali zavrnitvi piškotkov. Piškotki Google maps Uporabljamo piškotke za pomnenje uporabniških nastavitev na vdelanih zemljevidih.
Kako upravljati s piškotki? Večina spletnih brskalnikov omogoča, da nastavite vaše piškote. Piškotke lahko zavrnete ali jih sprejmete s funkcijo, vgrajeno v spletne brskalnike.
Če piškotke zavrnete, lahko naprej uporabljate našo spletno stran, vendar določene podstrani ne bodo delovale. V nadaljevanju se nahajajo povezave do navodil, kako lahko izključite piškotke na vašem spletnem brskalniku. • Mozilla Kop kip • Internet Explorer • Chrome • Safari KOMERCIALA 1 tel.: +386 / 40 / 896 322 e-mail: komerciala@kipkop.si KOMERCIALA 2 tel.: +386 / 30 / 478 800 e-mail: komerciala2@kipkop.si KOMERCIALA 3 tel.: +386 / 30 / 464 456 e-mail: komerciala2@kipkop.si SERVIS in TEHNIČNA POMOČ tel.: +386 / 40 / 865 855 e-mail: servis@kipkop.si PE: LJUBLJANA Plemljeva ul.
8, 1000 Ljubljana tel.: +386 / 40 / 674 480 e-mail: ljubljana@kipkop.si PE: UPRAVA / SKLADIŠČE Gradac 98, 8332 Gradac tel.: +386 / 40 / 974 470 e-mail: info@kipkop.si
( m. 1984) Children 2 Awards Lilienfeld Prize (1996) Albert Einstein Medal (2009) [1] Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (2016) Gruber Prize in Cosmology (2016) Shaw Prize (2016) Kavli Prize (2016) Harvey Prize (2016) Princess of Asturias Award (2017) Nobel Prize in Physics (2017) Lewis Thomas Prize (2018) Scientific career Fields Astrophysics Gravitational physics Institutions California Institute of Technology Cornell University Thesis Geometrodynamics of cylindrical systems (1965) Doctoral advisor John Archibald Wheeler Doctoral students William L.
Burke [2] Carlton M. Caves Lee Samuel Finn Eanna E. Flanagan James Reid Ipser Sándor J. Kovács David L. Lee Alan Lightman Don N. Page William H. Press Richard H. Price Kop kip F. Schutz Saul Teukolsky Clifford Martin Will Kip Stephen Thorne (born June 1, 1940) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics.
A longtime friend and colleague of Stephen Hawking and Carl Sagan, he was the Richard P. Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) until 2009 [3] and is one of the world's leading experts on the astrophysical implications of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
He continues to do scientific research and scientific consulting, most notably for the Christopher Nolan film Interstellar. [4] [5] Thorne was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Rainer Weiss and Barry C. Barish "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves". [6] [7] [8] [9] Contents • 1 Life and career • 2 Research • 2.1 Gravitational waves and LIGO • 2.2 Black hole cosmology • 2.3 Wormholes and time travel • 2.4 Relativistic stars, multipole moments and other endeavors • 3 Publications • 4 Honors and awards • 5 Adaptation in media • 6 Partial bibliography • 7 See also • 8 Notes • 9 References • 10 External links Life and career [ edit ] Discussion in the main lecture hall at the École de Physique des Houches (Les Houches Physics School), 1972.
From left, Yuval Ne'eman, Bryce DeWitt, Thorne, Demetrios Christodoulou. Thorne was born on June 1, 1940, in Logan, Utah. [ citation needed] His father, D. Wynne Thorne (1908–1979), was a professor of soil chemistry at Utah State University, and his mother, Alison (née Comish; 1914–2004), was an economist and the first woman to receive a Ph.D.
in economics from Iowa State College. [10] [11] Raised in an academic environment, two of his four siblings also became professors. [12] [13] Thorne's parents were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and raised Thorne in the LDS faith, though he now describes himself as atheist. Regarding his views on science and religion, Thorne has stated: "There are large numbers of my finest colleagues who are quite devout and believe in God .
There is no fundamental incompatibility between science and religion. I happen to not believe in God." [14] Thorne rapidly excelled at academics early in life, winning recognition in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search as a senior at Logan High School. [15] He received his B.S. degree from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1962, and his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1965 under the supervision of John Archibald Wheeler with a doctoral dissertation entitled " Geometrodynamics of Cylindrical Systems".
[16] Thorne returned to Caltech as an associate professor in 1967 and became a professor of theoretical physics in 1970, becoming one of the youngest full professors in the history of Caltech at age 30. He became the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor in 1981, and the Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics in 1991.
He was an adjunct professor at the University of Utah from 1971 to 1998 and Andrew D. White Professor at Large at Cornell University from kop kip to 1992.
[17] In June 2009, he resigned his Feynman Professorship (he is now the Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, Emeritus) to pursue a career of writing and movie making. [ citation needed] His first film project was Interstellar, on which he worked with Christopher Nolan and Jonathan Nolan. [3] Throughout the years, Thorne has served as a mentor and thesis advisor for many leading theorists who now work on observational, experimental, or astrophysical aspects of general relativity.
Approximately 50 physicists have received Ph.D.s at Caltech under Thorne's personal mentorship. [3] Thorne is known for his ability to convey the excitement and significance of discoveries in gravitation and astrophysics to both professional and lay audiences. His presentations on subjects such as black holes, gravitational radiation, relativity, time kop kip, and wormholes have been included in PBS shows in the U.S. and on the BBC in the United Kingdom.
Thorne and Linda Jean Peterson married in 1960. Their children are Kares Anne and Bret Carter, an architect. Thorne and Peterson divorced in 1977. Thorne and his second wife, Carolee Joyce Winstein, a professor of biokinesiology and physical therapy at USC, married in 1984.
[18] Research [ edit ] Thorne in 1972 Thorne's research has principally focused on relativistic astrophysics and gravitation physics, with emphasis on relativistic stars, black holes and especially gravitational waves. [3] He is perhaps best known to the public for his controversial theory that wormholes can conceivably be used for time travel.
[19] However, Thorne's scientific contributions, which center on the general nature of space, time, and gravity, span the full range of topics in general relativity. Gravitational waves and LIGO [ edit ] Thorne's work has dealt with the prediction of gravitational wave strengths and their temporal signatures as observed on Earth.
These "signatures" are of great relevance to Kop kip (Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory), a multi-institution gravitational wave experiment for which Thorne has been a leading proponent – in 1984, he cofounded the LIGO Project (the largest project ever funded by the NSF [20]) to discern and measure any fluctuations between two or more 'static' points; such fluctuations would be evidence of gravitational waves, as calculations describe. A significant aspect of his research is developing the mathematics necessary to analyze these objects.
[21] Thorne also carries out engineering design analyses for features of the LIGO that cannot be developed on the basis of experiment and he gives advice on data analysis algorithms by which the waves will be sought. Kop kip has provided theoretical support for LIGO, including identifying gravitational wave sources that LIGO should target, designing the baffles to control scattered light in the LIGO beam tubes, and – in collaboration with Vladimir Braginsky's (Moscow, Russia) research group – inventing quantum nondemolition designs for advanced gravity-wave detectors and ways to reduce the most serious kind of noise in advanced detectors: thermoelastic noise.
With Carlton M. Caves, Thorne invented the back-action-evasion approach to quantum nondemolition measurements of the harmonic oscillators – a technique applicable both in gravitational wave detection and quantum optics. [3] On February 11, 2016, a team of four physicists [a] representing the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, kop kip that in September 2015, LIGO recorded the signature of two black holes colliding 1.3 billion light-years away.
This recorded detection was the first direct observation of the fleeting chirp of a gravitational wave and confirmed an important prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
{INSERTKEYS} [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] Black hole cosmology [ edit ] A cylindrical bundle of magnetic field lines While he was studying for his Ph.D. in Princeton University, his mentor John Wheeler gave him an assignment problem for him to think over: find out whether or not a cylindrical bundle of repulsive magnetic field lines will implode under its own attractive gravitational force.
After several months wrestling with the problem, he proved that it was impossible for cylindrical magnetic field lines to implode. [27] : 262–265 Why is it that a cylindrical bundle of magnetic field lines will not implode, while spherical stars will implode under their own gravitational force?
Thorne tried to explore the theoretical ridge between the two phenomena. He found out eventually that the gravitational force can overcome all interior pressure only when an object has been compressed in all directions. To express this realization, Thorne proposed his hoop conjecture, which describes an imploding star turning into a black hole when the critical circumference of the designed hoop can be placed around it and set into rotation.
That is, any object of mass M around which a hoop of circumference 4 π G M c 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {4\pi GM}{c^{2}}}\end{matrix}}} can be spun must be a black hole. [27] : 266–267 [28] : 189–190 As a tool to be used in both enterprises, astrophysics and theoretical physics, Thorne and his students have developed an unusual approach, called the " membrane paradigm", to the theory of black holes and used it to clarify the "Blandford-Znajek" mechanism by which black holes may power some quasars and active galactic nuclei.
[27] : 405–411 Thorne has investigated the quantum statistical mechanical origin of the entropy of a black hole. With his postdoc Wojciech Zurek, he showed that the entropy of a black hole is the logarithm of the number of ways that the hole could have been made.
[27] : 445–446 With Igor Novikov and Don Page, he developed the general relativistic theory of thin accretion disks around black holes, and using this theory he deduced that with a doubling of its mass by such accretion a black hole will be spun up to 0.998 of the maximum spin allowed by general relativity, but not any farther.
This is probably the maximum black-hole spin allowed in nature. [3] Wormholes and time travel [ edit ] A wormhole is a short cut connecting two separate regions in space. In the figure the green line shows the short way through wormhole, and the red line shows the long way through normal space. Thorne and his co-workers at Caltech conducted scientific research on whether the laws of physics permit space and time to be multiply connected (can there exist classical, traversable wormholes and "time machines"?).
[29] With Sung-Won Kim, Thorne identified a universal physical mechanism (the explosive growth of vacuum polarization of quantum fields), that may always prevent spacetime from developing closed timelike curves (i.e., prevent backward time travel). [30] With Mike Morris and Ulvi Yurtsever, he showed that traversable wormholes can exist in the structure of spacetime only if they are threaded by quantum fields in quantum states that violate the averaged null energy condition (i.e.
have negative renormalized energy spread over a sufficiently large region). [31] This has triggered research to explore the ability of quantum fields to possess such extended negative energy. Recent calculations by Thorne indicate that simple masses passing through traversable wormholes could never engender paradoxes – there are no initial conditions that lead to paradox once time travel is introduced.
If his results can be generalized, they would suggest that none of the supposed paradoxes formulated in time travel stories can actually be formulated at a precise physical level: that is, that any situation in a time travel story turns out to permit many consistent solutions. [ citation needed] Relativistic stars, multipole moments and other endeavors [ edit ] With Anna Żytkow, Thorne predicted the existence of red supergiant stars with neutron-star cores ( Thorne–Żytkow objects).
[32] He laid the foundations for the theory of pulsations of relativistic stars and the gravitational radiation they emit. With James Hartle, Thorne derived from general relativity the laws of motion and precession of black holes and other relativistic bodies, including the influence of the coupling of their multipole moments to the spacetime curvature of nearby objects, [33] as well as writing down the Hartle-Thorne metric, an approximate solution which describes the exterior of a slowly and rigidly rotating, stationary and axially symmetric body.
Thorne has also theoretically predicted the existence of universally antigravitating " exotic matter" – the element needed to accelerate the expansion rate of the universe, keep traversable wormhole "Star Gates" open and keep timelike geodesic free float " warp drives" working.
With Clifford Will [34] and others of his students, he laid the foundations for the theoretical interpretation of experimental tests of relativistic theories of gravity – foundations on which Will and others then built. As of 2005 [update], Thorne was interested in the origin of classical space and time from the quantum foam of quantum gravity theory.
[ citation needed] Publications [ edit ] Thorne has written and edited books on topics in gravitational theory and high-energy astrophysics. In 1973, he co-authored the textbook Gravitation with Charles Misner and John Wheeler; [35] that according to John C. Baez and Chris Hillman, is one of the great scientific books of all time and has inspired two generations of students. [36] In 1994, he published Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy, a book for non-scientists for which he received numerous awards.
This book has been published in six languages, and editions in Chinese, Italian, Czech, and Polish are in press. [ when?] In 2014, Thorne published The Science of Interstellar in which he explains the science behind Christopher Nolan's film Interstellar; Nolan wrote the foreword to the book. In September 2017, Thorne and Roger D. Blandford published Modern Classical Physics: Optics, Fluids, Plasmas, Elasticity, Relativity, and Statistical Physics, a graduate-level textbook covering the six major areas of physics listed in the title.
[37] Thorne's articles have appeared in publications such as: • Scientific American, [38] • McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, [39] and • Collier's Encyclopedia [40] among others.
Thorne has published more than 150 articles in scholarly journals. [41] Honors and awards [ edit ] This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification.
Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. Find sources: "Kip Thorne" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( October 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Thorne has been elected to: [42] • the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1972) [43] • the National Academy of Sciences, • the Russian Academy of Sciences, and • the American Philosophical Society.
He has been recognized by numerous awards including: • the American Institute of Physics Science Writing Award in Physics and Astronomy, • the Phi Beta Kappa Science Writing Award, • the American Physical Society's Lilienfeld Prize, • the German Astronomical Society's Karl Schwarzschild Medal (1996), • the Robinson Prize in Cosmology from the University of Newcastle, England, • the Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society's Common Wealth Awards for Science and Invention, and • the California Science Center's California Scientist of the Year Award (2003).
• the Albert Einstein Medal in 2009 from the Albert Einstein Society, Bern, Switzerland • the UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal from UNESCO (2010) [44] • the Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (2016) • the Gruber Prize in Cosmology (2016) • the Shaw Prize (2016) (together with Ronald Drever and Rainer Weiss). [45] • the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics (2016) (together with Ronald Drever and Rainer Weiss). [46] • the Tomalla Prize (2016) for extraordinary contributions to general relativity and gravity.
[47] • the Georges Lemaître Prize (2016) • the Harvey Prize (2016) (together with Ronald Drever and Rainer Weiss). [48] • the Smithsonian Magazine American Ingenuity Award for Physical Sciences (2016) [49] • the Princess of Asturias Award (2017) (jointly with Rainer Weiss and Barry Barish). [50] • the Nobel Prize in Physics (2017) (jointly with Rainer Weiss and Barry Barish) • the Lewis Thomas Prize (2018) • the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (2019) [51] He has been a Woodrow Wilson Fellow, Danforth Fellow, Guggenheim Fellow, and Fulbright Fellow.
He has also received the honorary degree of doctor of humane letters from Claremont Graduate University and an honorary doctorate from the Physics Department of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He was elected to hold the Lorentz chair for the year 2009 Leiden University, the Netherlands. Thorne has served on: • the International Committee on General Relativity and Gravitation, • the Committee on US-USSR Cooperation in Physics, and • the National Academy of Sciences' Space Science Board, which has advised NASA and Congress on space science policy.
Kip Thorne was selected by Time magazine in an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the American world in 2016. [52] Adaptation in media [ edit ] • Thorne contributed ideas on wormhole travel to Carl Sagan for use in his novel Contact. [53] • Thorne and his friend, producer Lynda Obst, also developed the concept for the Christopher Nolan film Interstellar. [54] He also wrote a tie-in book, The Science of Interstellar.
Thorne later advised Nolan on the physics of his movie Tenet. [55] • In Larry Niven's novel Rainbow Mars, the time travel technology used in the novel is based on the wormhole theories of Thorne, which in the context of the novel was when time travel first became possible, rather than just fantasy.
As a result, any attempts to travel in time prior to Thorne's development of wormhole theory results in the time traveller entering a fantastic version of reality, rather than the actual past. [56] • In the film The Theory of Everything, Thorne was portrayed by actor Enzo Cilenti. [57] • Thorne played himself in the episode of The Big Bang Theory entitled "The Laureate Accumulation", episode 18 of season 12.
Partial bibliography [ edit ] • Misner, Charles W., Thorne, K. S. and Wheeler, John Archibald, Gravitation 1973, (W H Freeman & Co) • Thorne, K. S., in 300 Years of Gravitation, (Eds.) S.
W. Hawking and W. Israel, 1987, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press), Gravitational Radiation. • Thorne, K. S., Price, R. H. and Macdonald, D. M., Black Holes, The Membrane Paradigm, 1986, (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press). • Friedman, J., Morris, M. S., Novikov, I. D., Echeverria, F., Klinkhammer, G., Thorne, K. S. and Yurtsever, U., Physical Review D., 1990, (in press), Cauchy Problem in Spacetimes with Closed Timelike Curves. • Thorne, K. S. and Blandford, R.
D., Modern Classical Physics: Optics, Fluids, Plasmas, Elasticity, Relativity, and Statistical Physics, 2017, (Princeton: Princeton University Press). See also [ edit ] • Polchinski's paradox Notes [ edit ] • ^ "einstein medal". Einstein-bern.ch . Retrieved December 7, 2014. • ^ "Kip Stephen Thorne".
Mathematics Genealogy Project. North Dakota State University . Retrieved September 6, 2016. • ^ a b c d e f "Kip S. Thorne: Biographical Sketch". {/INSERTKEYS}
www.its.caltech.edu. Retrieved May 8, 2020. • ^ Kevin P. Sullivan (December 16, 2013). "Christopher Nolan's 'Interstellar' Trailer: Watch Now".
MTV. Retrieved October 30, 2014. • ^ "Watch Exclusive: The Science of Interstellar - WIRED - WIRED Video - CNE". WIRED Videos. Archived kop kip the original on December 5, 2014 .
Retrieved December 7, 2014. • ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017". The Nobel Foundation. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017. • ^ Rincon, Paul; Amos, Jonathan (October 3, 2017). "Einstein's waves win Nobel Prize". BBC News. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
• ^ Overbye, Dennis (October 3, 2017). "2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers". The New York Times.
Retrieved October 3, 2017. • ^ Kaiser, David (October 3, 2017). "Learning from Gravitational Waves". The New Kop kip Times. Retrieved October 3, 2017. • ^ "Kip S. Thorne Biography". NobelPrize.org. • ^ Grant Kimm, Webmaster- The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University. "Plaza of Heroines at Iowa State University". Las.iastate.edu. Archived from the original on August 14, 2015.
Retrieved December 7, 2014. • ^ Jones, Zachary (2011). "D. Wynne Thorne Papers, 1936-1983". Archives West. Orbis Cascade Alliance. • ^ "Dr. Alison Comish Thorne". Legacy.com. The Salt Lake Tribune Obituaries.
October 26, 2004. Retrieved September 7, 2016. • ^ Rory Carroll (June 21, 2013). "Kip Thorne: physicist studying time travel tapped for Hollywood film". Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved October 30, 2014. Thorne grew up in an academic, Mormon family in Kop kip but is now an atheist.
"There are large numbers of my finest colleagues who are quite devout and believe in God, ranging from an abstract humanist God to a very concrete Catholic or Mormon God. There is no fundamental incompatibility between science and religion. I happen to not believe in God." • ^ Piper, Matthew (October 3, 2017). "Utah-born Kip Thorne wins the Nobel Prize in physics for his role kop kip detecting gravitational waves".
The Salt Lake Tribune. • ^ Thorne, Kip Stephen (1965). Geometrodynamics of cylindrical systems (Ph.D.). Princeton University. OCLC 760240072 – via ProQuest. • ^ "Kip S. Thorne". history.aip.org. • ^ Kondrashov, Veronica. "Kip S. Thorne: Curriculum Vitae". Kip S. Thorn. California Institute of Technology. • ^ Cofield, Cala (December 19, 2014). "Time Travel and Wormholes:Physicist Kip Thorne's Wildest Theories". Space.com. • ^ "LIGO: The Search for Gravitational Waves".
National Science Foundation. Retrieved September 9, 2016. LIGO is the largest single enterprise undertaken by NSF, with capital investments of nearly $300 million and operating costs of more than $30 million/year. • ^ "Catching waves with Kip Thorne". plus.maths.org.
December 1, 2001. Retrieved May 8, 2020. • ^ "Gravitational Waves Detected 100 Years After Einstein's Prediction". ligo.caltech.edu. February 11, 2016. • ^ Twilley, Nicola. "Gravitational Waves Exist: The Inside Story of How Scientists Finally Found Them".
The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved February 11, 2016. • ^ Abbott, B.P.; et al. (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger".
Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (6): 061102. arXiv: 1602.03837. Bibcode: 2016PhRvL.116f1102A. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. PMID 26918975. S2CID kop kip. • ^ Naeye, Robert (February 11, 2016). "Gravitational Wave Detection Heralds New Era of Science".
Sky and Telescope. Retrieved February 11, 2016. • ^ Castelvecchi, Davide; Witze, Alexandra (February 11, 2016). "Einstein's gravitational waves found at last". Nature News. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19361. S2CID kop kip. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
• ^ a b c d Kip S. Thorne (1994). Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-31276-8. • ^ V. Frolov; I. Novikov (December 6, 2012). Black Hole Physics: Basic Concepts and New Developments.
Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-011-5139-9. • ^ Davies, Paul (February 1, 2006).
"How to build a time machine". Paul Davies. Scientific American. 16 (3): 14–19. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0206-14sp. PMID 12197102. • ^ Kim, Sung-Won; Thorne, Kip S. (1991). "Do vacuum fluctuations prevent the creation of closed timelike curves?" (PDF). Physical Review D. 43 (12): 3929–3947. Bibcode: 1991PhRvD.43.3929K. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.43.3929. PMID 10013359. • ^ Morris, Michael S.; Thorne, Kip S.; Yurtsever, Ulvi (1988). "Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition" (PDF).
Physical Review Letters. 61 (13): 1446–1449. Bibcode: 1988PhRvL.61.1446M. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1446. PMID 10038800. • ^ Thorne, Kip S.; Żytkow, Kop kip N. (March 15, 1977). "Stars with degenerate neutron cores. I - Structure of equilibrium models".
The Astrophysical Journal. 212 (1): 832–858. Bibcode: 1977ApJ.212.832T.
doi: 10.1086/155109. • ^ Hartle, James; Thorne, Kip S. (1985). "Laws of motion and precession for black holes and other bodies" (PDF). Physical Review D. 31 (8): 1815–1837. Bibcode: 1985PhRvD.31.1815T. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.31.1815. PMID 9955908. • ^ Thorne, Kip S.; Will, Kop kip (1971).
"Theoretical Frameworks for Testing Relativistic Gravity. I. Foundations". The Astrophysical Journal. 163: 595–610. Bibcode: 1971ApJ.163.595T. doi: 10.1086/150803. • ^ Misner, Charles W.; Kip S. Thorne; John Archibald Wheeler (September 1973). Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H.
Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0. • ^ "A Guide to Relativity books". John Baez, Chris Hillman.
Department of Mathematics, University of California at Riverside. 1998. Retrieved June 19, 2016. • ^ Kip S. Thorne and Roger D. Blandford (2017). Modern Classical Physics: Optics, Fluids, Plasmas, Elasticity, Relativity, and Statistical Physics.
Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-69115902-7. • ^ "Stories by Kip S Thorne". Scientific Kop kip. Retrieved November 9, 2017. • ^ K.S. Thorne, "Gravitational Collapse," in 1976 McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1967), pp. 193-195 • ^ K.S. Thorne, "Gravitational Collapse," Collier's Encyclopedia (Crowell-Collier Educational Corporation, New York, 1969), pp.
335-336 • ^ NASA ADS Abstract search for refereed papers with less than 20 authors including author “Kip, Thorne” • ^ "Kip S. Thorne: Curriculum Vitae". Caltech. Retrieved September 18, 2016. • ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter T" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Retrieved April 15, 2011. • ^ "UNESCO's Niels Bohr Gold Medal awarded to prominent physicists". Niels Bohr Institute. September 14, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2016. • ^ "The Shaw Prize - Top prizes for astronomy, life science and mathematics". www.shawprize.org. Kop kip May 8, 2020. • ^ "9 Scientific Pioneers Receive The 2016 Kavli Prizes".
prnewswire.com. June 2, 2016. • ^ "The Tomalla prize holders". The Tomalla Foundation. Retrieved September 18, 2016. • ^ "Prize Winners – Harvey Prize". harveypz.net.technion.ac.il. Retrieved May 8, 2020. • ^ "2016 American Ingenuity Award Winners". Smithsonian. Retrieved October 15, 2018. • ^ IT, Developed with webControl CMS by Intermark. "Rainer Weiss, Kip S. Thorne, Barry C. Barish and LIGO Scientific Collaboration - Laureates - Princess of Asturias Awards". The Princess of Asturias Foundation.
Retrieved May 8, 2020. • ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. • ^ "Kip Thorne". Christopher Nolan. Time magazine. April 21, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2016. • ^ "Contact – High Technology Lends a Hand/Science of the Soundstage". Warner Bros.
Archived from the original on March 4, 2001. Retrieved September 1, 2014. • ^ Fernandez, Jay A. (March 28, 2007). "Writer with real stars in his eyes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 1, 2014. • ^ Maddox, Garry (August kop kip, 2020). " 'The biggest film I've done': Christopher Nolan on the secret world of Tenet". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020. • ^ Larry Niven. Rainbow Mars. New York: Tor Books, 1999, pp.
45, 366. • ^ Tunzelmann, Alex von (January 7, 2015). "The Theory of Everything skips over the black holes of marriage and science". The Guardian. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
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Vse posredovane osebne podatke obravnavamo strogo zaupno in le za namen, za katerega so nam bili posredovani. Uporabnike naše spletne strani obveščamo, da se ob obisku naše spletne strani avtomatsko zabeležijo naslednji neosebni podatki: ime ponudnika internetnih storitev in IP naslov, preko katerega dostopate do interneta, datum in ura obiska, spletne strani, na katere dostopate, medtem ko ste na tej spletni strani, in internetni naslov spletne strani, s katere ste prišli neposredno na našo stran.
Ti podatki se zbirajo z namenom izboljšanja vsebin spletnih strani, analiziranja potreb uporabnikov in administriranja. Pri obravnavi vseh posredno in neposredno posredovanih osebnih podatkov nas zavezuje Zakon o varstvu osebnih podatkov (ZVOP-1), s katerim se določajo pravice, obveznosti, načela in ukrepi, s katerimi se preprečujejo neustavni, nezakoniti in neupravičeni posegi v zasebnost in dostojanstvo posameznika oziroma posameznice pri obdelavi osebnih podatkov.
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Za potrebe spletne strani Kip Kop d.o.o uporabljamo naslednje piškotke: Sejni piškotek Nujen za delovanje sistema za urejanje in prikaz vsebin. Ta piškotek skrbi za pravilen sprejem elektronskih sporočil in vsebin na spletni strani. Piškotek se izbišre, ko uporabnik odide s spletne strani. Piškotki za pomnjenje uporabniških nastavitev Uporabljamo piškotke za pomnenje kop kip nastavitev, kot npr.
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