Limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa

P I = Limbah cair tahu yang baru dihasilkan (500 mL) + Starter bakteri Acetobacter xylinum (50 mL) + Air rebusan kecambah kacang tanah (100 mL) P II = Limbah cair tahu yang baru dihasilkan (500 mL) + Stater bakteri Acetobacter xylinum (100 mL) + Air rebusan kecambah kacang tanah (150 mL) P III = Limbah cair tahu yang baru dihasilkan (500 mL) + Stater bakteri Acetobacter xylinum (150 mL) + Air rebusan kecambah kacang tanah (200 mL).

C. Pembahasan Kegiatan produksi tahu yang memiliki bahan dasar kedelai selain menghasilkan produk yang diinginkan berupa tahu juga menghasilkan produk sampingan yang berupa limbah, baik limbah cair, limbah padat basah, maupun limbah padat kering.

Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dalam produksi tahu lebih dominan dibandingkan limbah padat basah maupun limbah padat kering, ini disebabkan dalam proses produksi tahu membutuhkan banyak penggunaan air bersih. Jika tidak ditangani, maka akan menimbulkan permasalahan terhadap lingkungan (Rety, et al., 2011). Lingkungan yang bebas dari bahan pencemar terutama limbah merupakan keinginan semua orang, tetapi untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut membutuhkan usaha atau perjuangan.

Usaha yang bisa dilakukan diantaranya adalah dengan meminimalis produk sampingan atau yang sering disebut dengan limbah dalam proses produksi. Untuk itu pentingnya pengetahuan dan perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user 50 pemahaman mengenai lingkungan perlu disosialisasikan pemerintah kepada masyarakat. Masyarakat diharapkan memiliki keterampilan dan tanggung jawab untuk mengelola permasalahan lingkungan (Maya, et al., 2010).

Kegiatan manusia dapat berdampak pada keseimbangan ekologi, berpotensi menyebabkan timbulnya penyakit baru yang terkait dengan perubahan lingkungan (Violeta, 2007). Belakangan ini kualitas lingkungan tempat tinggal masyarakat semakin menurun, hal tersebut disebabkan karena meningkatnya aktivitas masyarakat di berbagai sektoral kegiatan. Industri berpotensi menyumbangkan pencemaran lingkungan dari produk sampingan yang dihasilkan yaitu berupa limbah.

Limbah yang dihasilkan dalam proses industri harus mendapatkan solusi dan penanganan yang tepat untuk meminimalisir dampak yang ditimbulkan, seperti diolah menjadi produk baru misalnya Nata de Soya dari limbah cair tahu sehingga masyarakat dapat memperoleh penghasilan tambahan dari kegiatan tersebut. Kegiatan pemanfaatan limbah dari kegiatan yang di dapat berdampak ke masyarakat itu sendiri, sehingga penanganan terhadap limbah perlu dilakukan.

Penanganan limbah memerlukan pemikiran, waktu, dan biaya. Partisipasi dari masyarakat dalam menangani masalah limbah perlu ditingkatkan.

Partisipasi dari masyarakat, peran pemerintah sangat penting dalam mendukung kegiatan yang dilakukan masyarakat dalam mengatasi dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari limbah.

Pemerintah dalam hal mengurangi atau mengatasi dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh suatu kegiatan, terutama terhadap dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan, pemerintah perlu mengeluarkan peraturan-peraturan seperti Undang-undang No. 32 tahun 2009 mengenai Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.

• Company About Us Scholarships Sitemap Q&A Archive Standardized Tests Education Summit • Get Course Hero iOS Android Chrome Extension Educators Tutors • Careers Leadership Careers Campus Rep Program • Help Contact Us FAQ Feedback • Legal Copyright Policy Academic Integrity Our Honor Code Privacy Policy Terms of Use Attributions • Connect with Us College Life Facebook Twitter LinkedIn YouTube Instagram The experiment determined the effect of the mixture of sago and tofu by-products fermented with Neurospora crassa on broiler performances.

One hundred of broiler chicken were randomly divided into four groups of dietary treatments and five replications (5 birds each). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design according to dietary treatment tested, namely, none or 0% (RA), 7% (RB), 14% (RC) and 21% (RD) fermented sago and tofu by-products mixture.

Experimental diets were formulated iso-protein (22%) and iso-energy (3000 kcal/kg). Variables measured were performances, carcass quality (meat cholesterol) of broiler and income over feed chick cost (IOFCC).

Results of the experiment indicated that feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nitrogen retention and carcass percentage were not affected by feeding fermented sago and tofu by-products mixture. Meat cholesterol indicated the lowest but IOFCC indicated the highest of RD group treatment mixture as compared to other treatment groups. It is concluded that feeding ration containing 21% fermented sago and tofu by-products maintains broiler performance similarly to that of control group, reduce meat cholesterol by 27% and increase IOFCC by 35.41%.

. Hasil penelitian Fenita et al. (2010) menujukkan bahwa pakan difermentasi dengan Neurospora crassa menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan meningkatkan kadar β-karoten kuning telur. Pemberian produk fermentasi kaya β karoten yang diperoleh dari campuran ampas sagu dan ampas tahu yang difermentasi dengan Neurospora crassa dapat menurunkan kandungan kolesterol daging sebesar 26,17% dan meningkatkan IOFCC sebesar 35,41% (Nuraini, 2009).

Namun sebaliknya daging ayam yang kaya lemak dan kolesterol, dicurigai sebagai salah satu penyebab serangan stroke dan penyakit jantung koroner pada manusia (Wang & Keasling, 2002;Syahruddin et al., 2014).

. . Fermentasi yang kaya β karoten mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang seimbang untuk kapang. Campuran 60% ampas sagu dan 40% ampas tahu yang difermentasi dengan 9% inokulum Neurospora crassa dan diinkubasi selama 6 hari merupakan komposisi substrat terpilih ditinjau dari segi peningkatan kandungan β karoten dan protein kasar serta penurunan kandungan serat kasar (Nuraini, 2009, Nuraini et al., 2012.

. ABSTRAK Ampas sagu dan tahu merupakan limbah industri yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji sifat organoleptik daging ayam broiler yang diberi pakan fermentasi dari ampas sagu dan ampas tahu dengan Neurospora crassa sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas daging ayam.

Penelitian dilakukan di peternakan ayam broiler milik masyarakat yang berada di Desa Keude Dua Kecamatan Juli Kabupaten Bireuen selama 4 Minggu. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan. Tahapan pelaksanaan penelitian yaitu persiapan fermentasi ampas sagu dan ampas tahu dan persiapan kandang selajutnya pemeliharaan ayam broiler dengan pemberian pakan terfermentasi. Uji kesukaan pada daging ayam yang diolah secara dipanggang menggunakan uji organoleptik yang melibatkan 25 orang panelis yang tidak terlatih.

Parameter yang dianalisis warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Perhitungan statistika dilakukan dengan sidik ragam satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang terfermentasi Neurospora crassa sampai pada tingkat 20% berpengaruh signifikan terhadap warna, aroma, rasa maupun tekstur daging broiler, artinya pemberian pakan fermentasi Neurospora crassa dari ampas sagu dan ampas tahu dengan sampai tingkat 20 persen dalam pakan ayam broiler dapat meningkatkan kualitas daging broiler baik warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur daging.Kata kunci: ampas sagu, ampas tahu, Neurospora crassa, organoleptikABSTRACTSago pulp and tofu are industrial wastes that can be used as animal feeds.

The study aims the organoleptic properties of broiler chicken fed fermented feed limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa sago pulp and tofu with Neurospora crassa so as improve the quality of meat.

This research was conducted on broiler farms belonging to community in Juli Keude Dua Village, Juli, Bireuen District for 4 weeks. The design used was a complete randomized design with 4 treatments with 4 replications. The stages of the research are the preparation fermented sago pulp and tofu, cage, as well broiler maintenance chickens with fermented feed. The preference test for roasted chicken is processed using an organoleptic test involving 25 untrained panelists. Parameters analyzed limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa color, aroma, taste, and texture.

Statistical calculations are performed with one-way variance and continued Duncan test. The results of this study indicate that Neurospora crassa fermented feeding to level 20% has a significant effect on the color, aroma, taste and texture, meaning that the provision of Neurospora crassa fermented feed from sago pulp and tofu up to level 20 percent in broiler chicken feed so as improve the quality of broiler meat both in color, aroma, taste, and texture of meat.Keyword: Neurospora crassa, organoleptic, sago pulp, tofu pulp .

The amount of tofu waste formed is in the range of 25-35% of the produced tofu product. Tofu waste can be used as a food source of protein because it contains high enough crude protein ranging from 23-29% (Mathius et al., 2001) and other nutrient content is 4.93% fat (Nuraini, 2009) and crude fiber 22.65 % (Duldjaman, 2004).

. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of tofu waste in concentrate feed on the nutritional value of ruminant animal feed. Concentrate feed used in this study uses concentrated feed for sheep.

Tofu waste was obtained from the place of making tofu in Girimarto sub-district, Wonogiri Regency. The research method used was concentrate feed for sheep given the addition of tofu waste.

The study used 3 treatments namely T0 = Concentrate without the addition of tofu waste (control), T1 = Concentrate with 10% tofu waste addition, and T2 = Concentrate with 20% tofu waste addition. The results of the study were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the nutritional value of sheep feed.

The study was designed with a completely randomized design. Observation parameters of nutritional value of feed include dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that dry matter content was 78.54 ± 0.23% and crude protein was 16.63 ± 0.46% with the addition of tofu waste until 20% showed a significant difference, whereas crude fiber was 20.37 ± 0.48 % showed no significant difference, while the dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility showed no significant difference.

The conclusion of this study was the addition of tofu waste in the concentrate had an effect on the dry matter and crude protein, but not significantly different on crude fiber. The addition of tofu waste to the concentrate did not affect the digestibility of dry matter or the digestibility of organic matter.Key words : Animal feed, concentrate, in vitro digestibility, tofu waste . The expensive price of feed is mainly caused by the imported ingredients, such as corn. The production cost of broiler using the corn as feed is more expensive compared to tofu and sago by-products ( Nuraini, 2009).

Chicken feed consists of 40%-50% corn; the remainder is bran, by products of copra, and fi sh meal. . The major obstacles in the development of broiler raising is the expensive price of feed and the fluctuative price of DOCs. The cheap price of imported leg quarters reduces the competitiveness of the local broilers. Therefore, an effort to increase production efficiency is needed through integration between broiler raising and corn farmers and feed producers (integrated farming).

The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of integrating broiler raising with corn cultivation and feed production. Besides that, a simulation was conducted to analyze the effects of DOC price changes, broiler price and production capacity.

The analyses showed that integrated farming and a mere combination between broiler raising and feed factory of a 10,000 bird capacity is not financially feasible. Increasing the production to 25,000 broiler chickens will make the integrated farming financially feasible. Unintegrated broiler raising is relatively sensitive to broiler price decreases and DOC price increases compared to integrated farming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh level step down dengan pemberian acidifier pada berbagai protein pakan terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan.

Penelitian ini menggunakan 210 Day Old Chicken (DOC) Unsexed dengan rata-rata bobot badan 44,34 ± 0,14 g dan pakan dengan level protein yang berbeda.

Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan, sehingga ada 21 unit percobaan dengan jumlah 10 ekor ayam tiap unit. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu step down protein dengan level 22%, 18% dan 16% dengan pemberian acidifier 1,2%/100 gram pakan. Parameter yang diamati penelitian ini adalah konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar protein pakan (stepdown protein) 4 – 6% dengan penambahan acidifier 1,2%/100g berpengaruh nyata (P ABSTRAK.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim pencernaan dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial terhadap peningkatan kualitas semen ayam arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan.

1) kontrol (P0) ayam diberikan ransum komersial 100 %, 2) perlakuan 1 (P1) ayam diberi 89,83% ransum komersial + 10% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E, (3) perlakuan 2 (P2) ayam diberi 79,83% ransum komersial + 20% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E, dan (4) perlakuan 3 (P3) ayam diberi 69,83% ransum komersial + 30% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E.

Koleksi semen dilakukan pada hari ke 36 dengan metode masase. Data kualitas semen yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial berpengaruh secara nyata (P0,05) terhadap warna, konsistensi dan gerakan massa spermatozoa.

Dapat disimpulkan pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial dapat meningkatkan kualitas semen ayam arab.

(Effect addition of fermented feed with the multi-enzyme digestion and vitamin E in commercial feed on improvement the quality of semen arab chicken) ABSTRACT. The study aimed to determine the effect of fermented feed combination with the multi enzymes digestion and vitamin E addition on the quality of semen arab’s chicken.

This research used a randomized block design (RAK) consisting four treatments with five replications : P0: 100% Commercial feed (524), P1: 89.83% commercial feed + 10% fermented feed + 0.02% viamint E + 0.15% multi enzyme, P2: 79.83% commercial feed + 20% fermented feed + 0.02% vitamin E + 0.15% multi enzyme, P3: 69.83% commercial feed + 30% fermented feed + 0.02% vitamin E + 0.05% multi enzyme.

Semen sample was collected at 36th day using a massage method. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan test. The results showed that addition of combination of fermented feed with digestive multi enzymes and vitamin E has significantly effect (P Treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has proven the most successful strategy to reduce the concentration of LDL in the circulation.

These compounds lower LDL cholesterol by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway in the liver, which in turn depletes the regulatory pool of cholesterol and enhances the activity of LDL receptors. Six prospective clinical trials have convincingly demonstrated that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can effectively lower the incidence of cardiovascular events in primary and secondary prevention.

Post hoc analyses of these trials suggest that the clinical benefit brought about by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may not entirely be due to their effect on the levels of circulating lipoproteins. A host of actions of statins on the vascular wall including improvement of endothelial function, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, plaque-stabilizing, and anti-coagulant effects have been advocated to explain effects beyond lipid-lowering.

LDL are known to impair endothelial dysfunction, produce pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic responses of cellular elements, and cause plaque destabilization on their own.

It is hence not entirely clear to which extent the pleiotropic effects of statins contribute to the overall efficacy of these compounds. Further investigation is therefore necessary in order to determine the relative significance of cholesterol lowering and of ancillary effects on the net clinical benefit of statin treatment.

Finally, it is an emerging clinical issue whether or not statin treatment would yield short-term benefit in the management of acute coronary syndromes. A study was conducted to study the effects of supplementation of a microbial preparation, Effective Micro organisms (EM), on body weight gain, dressing percentage, abdominal fat and serum cholesterol content of broilers.

The EM was added to drinking water at a rate of 1 part EM to 1000 parts of water. The two treatments were control (0 EM) and 1 EM. Final body weights, serum cholesterol and abdominal fat pads were determined at day 42. Dressing percentage was determined using carcass weight as a proportion of body weight. Abdominal fat was used as an indicator of the carcass' fat content and was calculated as percentage of body weight.

Birds supplemented with 1 Limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa had significantly (P0 <. 05) higher weight gains (2094 ± 11g) than limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa control (2057 ± 15 g). Control birds had significantly (P0 <.

05) higher feed intake (3785 ± 9 g) than the birds supplemented with 1 EM (3748 ± 13 g). However, feed efficiency, measured as feed: gain ratio, was better for the EM supplemented birds (1.79 ± 0.03) than the control (1.84 ± 0.02).

Although not significantly different, serum cholesterol content was lower for 1 EM birds (3.15 ± 0.21 mmol/l) than in 0 EM birds (3.38±0.17g mmol/l). Dressing percentage was not significantly different between the two treatments, but numerically higher for the 1 EM birds than the control. Abdominal fat pad was lower for the 1 EM treated birds than the non-EM treated birds. The results of this study suggest that microbial preparations such as EM, can be used to improve weight gain, feed utilisation and reduce abdominal fat pads, hence fat content of birds.

Although not significant, the present study has shown that use of microbial preparations may have some potential to improve dressing percentage and lower serum cholesterol. However, further studies such as use of different EM concentrations are required to ascertain the results found in this study.

To assess potential health benefits, research is also required to assess the effect of using EM on total cholesterol content in tissues. Two experiments were made with S.C.W.L. roosters to test the hypothesis that the apparent M.E. value of a feedingstuff is affected by the level of intake. In the first experiment the birds were starved for 18 hr. and then fed varying amounts of whole wheat.

Excreta voided during the 24 hr. experimental period was collected quantitatively and assayed for gross energy. Energy voided as excreta increased in a linear manner as the intake of wheat increased. The apparent M.E. value also varied with wheat consumption according to the equation M.E. (kcal./g.) = 3.17X – 8.5/X where: 3.17 kcal./g. is the true M.E. value of the wheat; 8.5 kcal. represents the sum of the metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy losses; and X is the weight of wheat consumed (g.).

A supplementary observation was that the metabolic fecal and endogenous nitrogen excretion of the roosters was 144 mg./kg./24 hr. In the second experiment corn oil was placed in the crops of starved roosters and the energy voided as excreta in 24 hr. was measured. The true M.E. value of the corn oil was 9.40 kcal./g.

but the apparent value varied with intake. It is therefore concluded that the original hypothesis is correct. The findings of these experiments may explain some of the reported variations in M.E. data. A new approach to the assay for M.E.

is proposed. The Neurospora crassa catabolic enzyme, arginase (L-arginine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1), exists in multiple forms.

Multiple forms of arginase are found in many vertebrates, but this is the only reported example in a microbial organism. The two major forms are structurally similar with subunit sizes of 36 and 41 kDa, respectively.

The larger form is produced by mycelia growing in arginine-supplemented medium. Both forms are localized in the cytosol. The structural gene for arginase, aga, has been cloned and sequenced; it contains a 358-codon open reading frame with three in-frame ATGs at the amino terminus. Mutagenesis of these ATGs revealed that the first ATG initiates the 41-kDa protein and the third ATG initiates the 36-kDa protein.

Mutation of the second ATG has no effect on translation. Northern analysis demonstrated that a 1.4-kilobase (kb) transcript is synthesized in minimal medium and both a 1.4- and 1.7-kb transcript are produced in arginine-supplemented medium. Primer extension identified the 5' ends of each transcript and demonstrated that the first and third ATG of the open reading frame are the initial AUGs of the 1.7- and 1.

4-kb mRNA, respectively. The results suggest that a basal promoter produces the 1.4-kb transcript and an arginine "activated" promoter is responsible for the 1.7-kb transcript. Tandem promoters are rare in eukaryotic organisms, and they often regulate developmental or tissue-specific gene expression. The possibility that arginase has a role in differentiation in N.

crassa is being investigated. A study was conducted to evaluate individual and combined responses of broiler chicks to non-essential crystalline amino acid supplementation of a low crude protein starter diet. Five-hundred-and-forty Ross 508-day-old male chicks were placed in 90 Petersime battery cages (6 chicks/cage).

Birds were fed a pre-starter diet from placement until day 5 formulated to meet or exceed NRC (National Research Council, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. (revised). National Academy Press, Washinngton, DC) recommendations. They were subsequently fed dietary treatments from 5 to 21 days of age.

Treatments consisted of a control diet (220 g/kg CP), a low crude protein (180 g/kg) diet supplemented with l-Lys, dl-Met, l-Thr, and l-Ile, six treatments composed of individual additions of Gly, l-Ala, l-Asp, l-Glu, l-Pro or l-Leu to the low crude protein diet, and the low crude protein diet with the combined supplementation of the aforementioned amino acids.

At day 13, the control and low crude protein diet supplemented with all the non-essential amino acids resulted in chicks with higher BW gain and feed conversion than all other treatments. At day 21, supplementation with Gly, Leu or Asp to the low crude protein diet resulted in similar BW gain of chicks fed the control diet.

Supplementation with Gly or Leu to the low crude protein diet resulted in similar feed conversion to that of chicks fed the control diet. Feed intake was unaffected by dietary treatments. Chicks fed the low crude protein diet or the low crude protein diets supplemented with individual amino acids, except Leu, had lower blood plasma uric acid concentration than chicks fed the control.

Nitrogen retention was lowest with the control diet. Results indicate that when feeding chicks a starter-phase diet reduced by 4% points in crude protein, there is additional need for non-essential nitrogen. Lingzhi has been a popular oriental medicine used to treat various human diseases.

Soy residue from the waste of tofu manufacturing was used to culture Ganoderma lucidum in solid-state fermentation. The solid-state fermentation was conducted in three types of containers: test tube, 500-ml flask, and sterilize-able polypropylene plastic bag.

The highest rate of mycelial growth of 6 mm/day was observed in the medium of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 80 using test tubes. However, a growth rate of 7.5 mm/day was found at the C/N ratio of 70-80 in the 500-ml flasks. In the tests using plastic bags, the fruiting bodies were fully developed only for the C/N ratios of 70 and 80.

The components of fruiting bodies obtained from different media were also analyzed and compared. The contents of ash, polysaccharides, and crude protein of fruiting bodies were found higher in limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa media of C/N ratio of 80.

The waste tea fungal biomass produced during black tea fermentation was investigated as a dietary ingredient in poultry feeds. A small portion of fungal mat was used as starter culture for the next cycle while the major portion is discarded as waste. Hence a trial study was carried out to utilize the waste fungal biomass as a supplementary diet for broiler chicks. The fungal biomass contained 179.38 g of crude protein, 120 g crude fibre, 4.82 g phosphorus, 6.56 g of calcium and 8.92 MJ metabolizable energy per kilogram of biomass.

The dried tea fungus showed phytase activity of 23 IU/mg protein. The supplementation of tea fungal inclusion (TFI) at 150 g/kg concentration in poultry feed increased the feed consumption, body weight, performance efficiency factor (PEF) and the carcass characters of test broilers significantly (P=0.01) over the control.

The histopathological examination of liver showed no abnormalities and the mortality rate was zero. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rosemary powder in diet on blood metabolite and performance of broiler chickens.

180 one day broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomize design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates and 15 bird in each. Experimental treatments were included: Control (without additive), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 percent of rosemary in diet.

In 42 day of . [Show full abstract] age one bird from each replicate was selected and slaughtering for carcass traits. The results were sowed use of 0.05 percent of rosemary could be significantly increased feed intake of broiler in starter period (p<0.05).

Also use of 0.1 percent of rosemary caused to significantly increase broiler body weight gain in overall of rearing period than 0.2 percent group (p<0.05).

Use of 0.1 percent rosemary in diet had a significantly feed conversion ratio (FCR) than T4 (0.2% rosemary). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on carcass traits, except in liver percent weight, which had significantly higher in T2 group (p<0.05). Also experimental treatments had no significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride level of broiler chickens in 42 day of age.

The results of this experiment showed use of rosemary powder could be improved broiler feed intake in starter period. Read more One hundred and twenty (120), 1 week old broiler chicken were randomly assigned to 4 treatment diets in a completely randomized experiment that lasted 49 days. The diets were made with soya bean based diet (D1) as control and treatment diets D2, D3, D4 containing graded levels (7.5%, 10%, 12.5%) of boiled Mucuna sloanei seed meal mix with enzyme(BME).Birdsfed diet 2 (7.5% BME) had higher final .

[Show full abstract] body weight 2216.70g. The test diets gave lower total feed intake value that was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the control. D2 gave the lowestfeed-to-gain ratio (1.72) that was significantly (P<0.05) different fromthoseof the control(2.09), D3 (2.08)and D4 (2.27). There was no significant difference (P>0.05)among birds fed the treatmentdietsand thosefed the control diet for dressed weight percentage and back cut percentage.

D2had cost/Kg weight gain and gross margin (N190.44 and N686.97 respectively) that were numerically higher than those of the control (N272.75 and N660.68) but statistically higher than those of, D3(N241.45 and N505.29) and D4 (N274.45 andN387.71).

Mucuna seed meal mixed with enzyme in this experiment was 7.5% which performed better than the control in all the parameters considered and is therefore recommended for replacement of soya bean meal in the diet of broiler chickens. Inclusion of Mucuna sloanei seed meal from 10% and above will not yield good carcass that would be comparable to the control (soya bean based diet) Mucunasloanei The optimal level ofinclusion of qualitativereplacementof the soya bean meal with boiled Read more A study was conducted to evaluate cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) powder as a phytobiotic alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers.

A total of 210 one-day old broiler chicks (IBL 80) were randomly distributed to five treatments each with three replicates of 14 birds. The dietary treatments comprised of feeding a basal diet as a control (CON), or the basal diet supplemented with either .

[Show full abstract] 0.1g oxytetracycline per kg diet as negative control (OXT), or cinnamon powder at low (0.5%; CPL), medium (1.0%; CPM) and high (1.5%; CPH) levels. Body weight and feed consumed were recorded weekly and accordingly feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were calculated. At the end of 5th week, two birds per replicate were sacrificed to determine the carcass characteristics and sensory evaluation of meat. Supplementation of cinnamon at all the three levels improved (P<0.05) the BW gain in the broilers during starter and overall period, which was statistically comparable to CON and OXT groups.

The best FCR was observed in CPH group followed by CPM and CPL groups during the finisher and overall period which was better (P<0.05) than the CON and OXT groups. Dietary treatments did not influence the carcass characteristics significantly. Supplementation of cinnamon powder at all the levels studied improved (P<0.05) the sensory attributes of the meat as compared to CON group meat. Highest (P<0.05) benefit: cost ratio was found in OXT and CPL groups, and it was lowest in CPM and CPH groups.

From the result of present study it could be suggested that dietary inclusion of 0.5% cinnamon powder can be used as phytobiotic alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers.

View full-text A trial was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of coriander seed supplementation in diets on performance and blood parameters in broilers. Two hundred and fourty (1-day old) commercial broiler chicken (ROOS) were divided into groups of 60 birds in each and randomly assigned to four treatment diets with three replicate.

Birds were fed basal diets or the basal diet supplemented . [Show full abstract] with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% of coriander seed. Experiment was continued 42 days. Birds that fed 0.3% coriander seed diet exhibited the largest body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield and decreased feed intake and fat pad (%BW).

There was differences in PCV%, RBC counts and Hb concentration in 0.3% coriander seed supplemented groups, but differences of the other group were not statistically important.

There was no different in total number of WBC, H/L as well as H/L ratio among the treatment groups. There was no significant difference for GPT and GOT enzyme activity between the treatments. The coriander seed supplementation also led limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa decrease the glucose and cholesterol concentration in blood serum.

Based on the results of this study, it could be advised to supplement broiler feed with 0.3% coriander seed. Read more
PETERNAKAN RINGKASAN PENELITIAN HIBAH BERSAING TAHUN ANGGARAN 2008 POTENSI Neurospora crassa DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LIMBAH AGRO INDUSTRI MENJADI PAKAN KAYA β KAROTEN UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI TELUR RENDAH KOLESTEROL Oleh : Dr.Ir.

NURAINI, MS Ir. SABRINA, MP Ir. SUSLINA A. LATIF, MS Dibiayai oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Penelitian Nomor: 005/SP2H/PP/DP2M/III/2008 Tanggal 6 Maret 2008 FAKULTAS PETERNAKAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS PADANG, 2008 POTENSI Neurospora crassa DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LIMBAH AGRO INDUSTRI MENJADI PAKAN KAYA β KAROTEN UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI TELUR RENDAH KOLESTEROL ( Nuraini, Sabrina, dan Suslina A Latif) Ringkasan Bahan pakan yang mengandung  karoten limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa didapat dari bahan pakan konvensional seperti jagung juga dapat diperoleh melalui fermentasi dengan menggunakan kapang yang bersifat karotenogenik (penghasil  karoten) seperti Neurospora crassa.

Fermentasi dengan kapang Neurospora crassa yang bersifat karotenogenik dapat meningkatkan kualitas zat zat makanan substrat yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian tahap I menunjukkan bahwa 60 % onggok dengan 40 % ampas tahu yang difermentasi dengan kapang Neurospora crassa (OATF) merupakan kombinasi terbaik ditinjau dari segi kandungan β karoten dan protein kasar tertinggi serta serat kasar terendah.

Kandungan β karoten produk OATF meningkat dari 65,13 µg/g menjadi 295,16 µg/g, kandungan protein kasar meningkat dari 13,32 % menjadi 20,44 % dan mampu menurunkan kandungan serat kasar OATF dari 15,50 % menjadi 11,96 %. Kandungan zat zat makanan lainnya adalah kandungan Calsium 0,45%, Phospor 0,21% dan kandungan energi metabolis 2678 kkal/kg. Disamping itu kandungan asam amino, produk fermentasi meningkat dibandingkan sebelum fermentasi, kualitas protein (retensi nitrogen yang diperoleh meningkat dari 45,34 % menjadi 67,05 % dan kecernaan serat kasar juga meningkat dari 23,29% menjadi 35,84%.

Produk fermentasi ini pada penelitian tahap II digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan pakan penyusun ransum ayam ras petelur untuk mengurangi penggunaan jagung dan konsentrat dalam ransum dan sekaligus diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas telur atau menghasilkan telur rendah kolesterol. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap yang dilaksanakan selama dua tahun yaitu tahap I merupakan percobaan di laboratorium dan tahap II merupakan uji coba ke ternak dari produk fermentasi terpilih.

Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan menggunakan ayam ras petelur sebanyak 200 ekor strain Isa Brown yang berumur 24 minggu. Setiap unit perlakuan masing – masing berisi 10 ekor ayam. Ransum disusun sendiri dari bahan–bahan seperti jagung, konsentrat, campuran onggok dengan ampas tahu yang difermentasi dengan kapang Neurospora crassa (OATF) dan tepung CaCO3. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan.

Perlakuan adalah ransum yang menggunakan produk campuran onggok dan ampas tahu fermentasi (OATF) dengan Neurospora crassa yaitu ransum A (0% OATF), B (10% OATF), C (20% OATF), dan D (30% OATF).

Ransum disusun isoprotein (16%) dan isokalori (2700 kkal/kg) berdasarkan Leeson and Summers (2001). Peubah yang diamati adalah: 1) konsumsi ransum (g/ekor), 2) produksi telur harian/hen day (%), 3) bobot telur rata-rata (g/butir), 4) produksi massa telur (g/ekor/hari), 5) konversi ransum, 6) Kualitas telur meliputi: a) kolesterol telur (mg/100g), b) warna kuning telur.

Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis keragaman pola RAL dan perbedaaan antar perlakuan diuji dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) menurut Steel and Torrie (1980).

Pemberian OATF dalam ransum ayam ras petelur sangat nyata (P Pupuk merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok dalam bidang pertanian.

Pupuk terbagi menjadi pupuk kimia dan pupuk organik. pupuk organik adalah pupuk yang berasal dari bahan alam atau bahan sintesis. Pupuk organik memiliki keunggulan dari segi pemenuhan bahan bakunya, biaya produksi, dan kandungan senyawa organiknya. Pemanfaatan pupuk organik lebih menguntungkan petani karena kesuburan tanah dan hasil tanamannya akan lebih terjaga dari pencemaran bahan kimia akibat penggunaan pupuk kimia seperti urea. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pupuk organik adalah limbah tahu, baik limbah padat maupun cair.

Limbah tahu mengandung N, P, K, Ca, Mg, dan C organik yang berpotensi untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Berdasarkan analisis, bahan kering ampas tahu mengandung kadar air 2,69%, protein kasar 27,09%, serat kasar 22,85%, lemak 7,37%, abu 35,02%, bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN) 6,87%, kalsium 0,5%, dan fosfor 0,2%. Kandungan-kandungan tersebut memiliki potensi untuk dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan tanaman. Kandungan bahan organik pada limbah tahu jika diolah dengan tepat menggunakan `campuran bahan lain akan menghasilkan pupuk organik yang ramah lingkungan dan menyuburkan tanaman.

Cara pembuatan dan bahan-bahan dalam membuat pupuk organik dari ampas tahu cukup mudah sehingga dapat diproduksi mandiri oleh masyarakat.
38. seorang pemulia tanaman menyilangkan tanaman terung ungu bulat dengan ungu lonjong.

sifat bulat dominan terhadap lonjong dan sifat ungu dominan te … rhadap hijau. dari persilangan tersebut dihasilkan keturunan sebanyak 1.300 tanaman dengan perbandingan variasi keturunan ungu bulat : ungu lonjong : hijau bulat : hijau lonjong = 3:3:1:1. genotip kedua induk tanaman tersebut adalah ….

a. uubb dan uubb b. uubb dan uubb c. uubb dan uubb d. uubu dan uubb
LAPORAN OBSERVASI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN LOKALITA PADA USAHA TAHU DI DESA DANAWINANGUN KECAMATAN KLANGENAN KABUPATEN CIREBON Untuk Memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah Pengeloaan Limbah Pertanian Dosen Pengampu: Dr.

Ir. Yul Harry Bahar Oleh : Asri Suhartianah 04.1.17.0904 Limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa III – A PROGRAM STUDI PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN JURUSAN PERTANIAN POLITEKNIK PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN BOGOR TAHUN 2020 BAB I BAB III PEMBAHASAN GAMBARAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN Sejarah Berdiri dan Lokasi Perusahaan UD.

Tahu Maud merupakan industri kecil yang bergerak pada usaha pengolahan kedelai menjadi tahu. Industri kecil ini merupakan salah satu usaha pembuatan tahu yang menggunakan peralatan dan mesin modern. Industri ini berlokasi di Desa Danawinangun Kecamatan Klangenan Kabupaten Cirebon.

Pabrik ini terletak di tengah pemukiman penduduk. Perusahaan ini didirikan pada tahun 2002 oleh bapak Maud. Latar belakang berdirinya adalah berawal dari pemilik yang sangat gemar mengkonsumsi tahu, sehingga dari kegemarannya itu beliau mencoba untuk memproduksi tahu sendiri.

Analisis Kelayakan Aspek Non Finansial Analisis aspek non finansial dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana usaha tahu Maud layak jika dilihat dari aspek-aspek non finansial. Analisis aspek non finansial yang akan dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah aspek pasar, aspek, teknis, aspek manajemen dan hukum, aspek sosial dan ekonomi serta aspek lingkungan.

Aspek Pasar Pengkajian aspek pasar sangat penting untuk dilakukan karena tidak ada usaha yang berhasil tanpa adanya permintaan barang maupun jasa dari pasar. Pada penelitian ini aspek pasar yang diteliti meliputi permintaan, penawaran, serta strategi pemasaran. 1. Permintaan Analisis permintaan digunakan untuk mengetahui secara riil jumlah kebutuhan produk atau jasa yang dihasilkan dalam periode waktu tertentu.

Potensi pasar usaha tahu dinilai cukup tinggi. Dalam sehari atau satu kali siklus, usaha tahu ini mampu berproduksi hingga mencapai 100 - 120 kilogram kedelai yang dapat menghasilkan 6.700 potong tahu yang dibedakan menjadi dua ukuran, yaitu ukuran 4 cm dan 5 cm. Jumlah permintaan tahu dapat dilihat dari hasil produksi yang selalu habis terjual.

Terlebih lagi pada saat hari raya, permintaan terhadap tahu meningkat hingga dua kali lipat dibandingkan hari biasanya. Sebagian hasilnya diberikan kepada tenaga kerja sebagai bonus lebaran. Permintaan tahu ini biasanya datang limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa beberapa pasar setempat, pedagang keliling langganan, rumah makan, hingga konsumen yang langsung datang ke tempat produksi.

Pak Maud lebih memprioritaskan tahu hasil produksinya kepada pedagang keliling langgannannya, sisanya baru dijual ke pasar dan permintaan lainnya. • Company About Us Scholarships Sitemap Q&A Archive Standardized Tests Education Summit • Get Course Hero iOS Android Chrome Extension Educators Tutors • Careers Leadership Careers Campus Rep Program • Help Contact Us FAQ Feedback • Legal Copyright Policy Academic Integrity Our Honor Code Privacy Policy Terms of Use Attributions • Connect with Us College Life Facebook Twitter LinkedIn YouTube InstagramBanana peel can be used as an alternative feed based on the potential availability and nutritional.

The experiments were conducted to improve the nutrient quality of Banana Peel and Tofu Waste mixture (BPTW) by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa. This substrate consists of banana peel 70% and tofu waste 30%. The experiment was performed in 3 treatment completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 replicates. The treatments were : A= Abstract: An experiment was conducted with 200 unsexed broilers of 3 days old of the Arbor Acres strain to evaluate utilization of cocoa pods fermented by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Monascus purpureus in the diet on the performance of broiler.

This study involved a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments (0, 5, 10 and 15% of fermented product in the diets) and 5 replicates per treatment. Diets were iso nitrogenous (22% crude protein) and iso caloric (3000 kcal/kg diet). Measured variables were performances (feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass percentage and total cholesterol).

Increasing cocoa pod fermented levels in the diets increased feed consumption, weight gain and carcass percentage but decreased (p<0.01) feed conversion and blood cholesterol). In conclusion, up to 15% of cocoa pod fermented by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Monascus purpureus could be included for broiler diet to increase performances and decreased 35.65% cholesterol level. Key words: Cholesterol, fermented cocoa pod, M. purpureus, P.

Chrysosporium, performance Composting is nowadays a general treatment method for municipal solid waste. Compostable household waste contains, together with vegetable material, varying amounts of papers and boards.

In the European Union composting is regarded as one recycling method for packages and this will probably favour compostable packages, like papers and boards, in the future. Paper is made up of lignocellulose and it may contain up to 20% of lignin. Efficient degradation of papers in composting plants means that biodegradation of lignin is also needed.

However, very little is known about lignin degradation by mixed microbial compost populations, although lignin degradation by white-rot fungi has been extensively studied in recent years. Limbah tahu jika ditambah neurospora crassa akan menghasilkan produk bioteknologi berupa material is converted to carbon dioxide, humus, and heat by compost microorganisms.

It is assumed that humus is formed mainly from lignin. Thus, lignin is not totally mineralized during composting. The elevated temperatures found during the thermophilic phase are essential for rapid degradation of lignocellulose. Complex organic compounds like lignin are mainly degraded by thermophilic microfungi and actinomycetes. The optimum temperature for thermophilic fungi is 40–50°C which is also the optimum temperature for lignin degradation in compost. An experiment was conducted to improve the nutrient content of tapioca by product to produce β carotene rich feed as alternative poultry feed through fermentation by using carotenogenic fungi ( Neurospora crassa ) as inoculums.

The experiment was determination of substrate composition (carbon source and nitrogen source) based on nutrient quality and quantity of these fermented products. The study was conducted in experimental methods, using the completely randomize design in factorial with 2 treatment were : 1. A factor, ( tapioca by product as carbon source with nitrogen sources: A 1 = tapioca by product+tofu waste, A 2 = tapioca by product + palm kernel cake and A 3 = tapioca by product + rice bran. 2. B factor (Percentage of composition of carbon source with nitrogen source), B 1 = 90% : 10%, B 2 = 80% : 20%, B 3 = 70% : 30% and 60% : 40%).

Results of study showed that optimum substrate composition of the fermentation by Neurospora crassa was the mixture 60% tapioca by product with 40% tofu waste. This conditions can increase β carotene and crude protein and also decrease crude fiber which made the nutritional value of the product based on dry-substance was 295.16 μg/g, β carotene 20.44% crude protein, 2.75% crude fat, 11.96% crude fiber, 0.24% calcium, 0.17% phosphor, metabolic energy 2677 Kcal/kg, 67.05% nitrogen retention and 35.44% fiber digestion.

Groups of 10 male, 10 female and 10 unsexed broiler chickens were given eight diets with energy concentrations ranging from 2.3 to 3.6 Mcal ME/kg in two experiments.

Diets with a metabolisable energy concentration of about 3.1 Mcal/kg were found to be optimal for growth to a specified live‐weight. Carcass analysis gave much smaller values for nitrogen retention than did estimates from food intake and excreta. Retention measured by the latter method was influenced by the energy concentration of the diets.Body composition was influenced by both dietary energy concentration and sex.

In general, the energy and fat content of the carcass increased with increasing dietary energy concentration although there were overall differences in fat content between male and female chickens, and also between birds in experiment 1 and experiment 2.Tritiated water was used to predict body water space enabling body composition to be estimated. Comparisons between determined body water content and tritiated water space showed that the former was overestimated, on average, by 18%.

Residual standard deviation of prediction equations based on 240 chickens was 52.6 g for water space, 21.4 g for protein and 34.6 g for fat.

1. Survey of the potency and analyses of nutrient contents anti-nutrition components of wasted or unharvested tea leaves. 2. Processing for reducing anti-nutrition components of wasted or unharves ted tea leaves as poultry feed. 3. Feeding trial of processed wasted tea leaves in broiler and laying hen diets.

. [more] View project Lanthanides in aqueous waste streams have received great attention due to their ability to pollute the environment. Therefore, efforts have been devoted to adsorbing lanthanides from waste industries. The evaluation of agro-waste by determining the adsorption efficiency of Ln3+ ions is an important step in developing a process for Ln3+ removal from water systems, as well as a method of isolating . [Show full abstract] Ln3+ ions from mineral ores, such as low-grade bauxite.

The adsorption performance of banana peels (Musa paradisiaca L.) was evaluated in the removal of Ln3+ ions. In addition, the adsorption of lanthanide ions from an aqueous solution in a multicomponent system was studied using activated carbon from banana peels. The selection of the best adsorbent was done by the iodine number method, where activated carbon had the highest iodine absorbance at 572.2 mg/g.

The use of activated carbon as an adsorbent for the removal of commercial lanthanide ions from an aqueous solution was evaluated. The optimum condition in the Ln3+ multicomponent system for the adsorption of Y3+, La3+, Ce3+, Nd3+, and Sm3+ ions was determined to be a contact time of 2.5 h, a pH of 4, and an adsorbent dosage of 100 mg. The present research further supports the possibility of the adsorption of Ln3+ ions from low-grade bauxite with adsorption efficiencies of 67.6, 71.0, 65.0, 62.9, and 56.6% for Y3+, La3+, Ce3+, Nd3+, and Sm3+, respectively.

View full-text UTILIZATION OF ENSILAGE KEPOK BANANA PEELS REPLACING PART OF CORN IN THE DIET ON BROILER PERFORMANCE. The study was conducted to determine the extent of the effect of partial replacement of corn with ensilage kepok banana peels in the ration on broiler performance.

This study uses a 60 head broiler unsexed strains Cobb age of 1 day. The study design used completely randomized design (CRD), which . [Show full abstract] consists of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The composition of experimental treatments in part the following: R0 = 50% of yellow corn and 0% ; R1 = 42.5% of yellow corn and 7.5% ; R2 = 35% of yellow corn and 15% ensilage kapok banana peels ; R3 = 27.5% of yellow corn and 22.5% ensilage kepok banana peels.

The results showed that the treatment effect highly significant (P <0.01) on feed consumption, significantly different (P <0,05) on body weight gain and feed conversion. Based on the results it was concluded that the ensilage kapok banana peels can replace yellow corn up to 45% or used in the ration of broiler chickens up 22.5%. Keywords:,Broiler, ensilage kepok banana peels, Performance.

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